Determining the age of diaphyseal fractures of long bones based on radiography

Abstract

Background: The study of skeletal trauma is one of the key aspects of forensic medical examination in cases involving living individuals. When the circumstances and timing of an injury are unclear due to deliberate concealment by involved parties, delayed medical consultation, or an unreported crime against personal health, determining the age of fractures presents certain challenges. In such cases, radiographic examination of the affected bone serves as an important source of information.

Aim: To identify radiographic characteristics of diaphyseal fractures of long bones specific to different stages of consolidation.

Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 192 radiographs (initial and follow-up images taken during the observation period) of male and female patients (n=56) aged 20 to 80 years with long bone fractures, both with and without metal osteosynthesis. The study systematically analyzed the progression of radiographic fracture changes at different consolidation stages, described key morphological features, performed comparative group analysis, and structured the findings.

Results: Distinct timeframes for fracture consolidation were identified, along with key diagnostic criteria for tracking healing dynamics. A sequential pattern of morphological changes in fractures throughout the healing process was established. No significant differences in consolidation dynamics were found based on gender. Surgical intervention (metal osteosynthesis) did not play a substantial role in the speed of consolidation.

Conclusion: The radiographic appearance of diaphyseal fractures of long bones exhibits specific morphological features depending on the age of the injury.

Keywords

tubular bones / diaphyseal fractures / fracture age estimation / consolidation timeframes / radiographic examination / morphological characteristics of fractures

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