Clinical significance of endothelial dysfunction in pregnancy as a component of comprehensive evaluation of pre-eclampsia risk

Abstract

Vascular endothelium dysfunction is an important component of the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia - one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, perinatal deaths, and intrauterine development of small-for-date fetuses. Evaluation of the vascular endothelium status during gestation is a promising method for predicting the development of this condition. This paper presents a critical review of the major clinical studies of the prognostic significance of endothelial dysfunction markers, aimed at prediction ofpre-eclampsia. Modern methods for evaluating the endothelial function, including detection of biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction and functional tests for evaluating the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, are described. The significance of the best studied specific markers of gestosis, such as soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, soluble endoglin, placental growth factor, for the prognosis and diagnosis ofpre-eclampsia is discussed.

Keywords

pre-eclampsia / endothelial dysfunction / endothelium-dependent vasodilatation

References

[1] Duley L. The global impact of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Semin Perinatol. 2009; 33 (3): 130-7.

[2] Carty D.M., Delles C., Dominiczak A.F. Preeclampsia and future maternal health. J. Hypertens. 2010; 28 (7): 1349-55.

[3] Maynard S.E., Karumanchi S.A., Thadhani R. Hypertension and kidney disease in pregnancy. In: Brenner B.M., eds. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2007.

[4] Eriksson J.G., Forsen T., Tuomilheto J., Osmond C., Barker D.J. Early growth and coronary heart disease in later life: longitudinal study. Br. Med. J. 2001; 322 (7292): 949-53.

[5] Osmond C., Kajantie E., Forsen T.J., Eriksson J.G., Barker D.J.P. Infant growth and stroke in adult life: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Stroke. 2007; 38: 264-70.

[6] Mustafa R., Ahmed S., Gupta A., Venuto R.C. A comprehensive review of hypertension in pregnancy. J. Pregnancy. 2012; 2012: 105918.

[7] Bellamy L., Casas J.P., Hingorani A.D., Williams D.J. Pre-eclampsia and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br. Med. J. 2007; 335 (7627): 974-7.

[8] Lampinen K.H., Ronnback M., Kaaja R.J., Groop P.H. Impaired vascular dilatation in women with a history of preeclampsia. J. Hypertens. 2006; 24 (4): 751-6.

[9] Uzan J., Carbonnel M., Piconne O., Asmar R., Ayoubi J.-M. Preeclampsia: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Vasc. Hlth Risk Manag. 2011; 7: 467-74.

[10] Tkachenko O., Shchekochikhin D., Schrier R.W. Hormones and hemodynamics in pregnancy. Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab. 2014; 12 (2) : e14098.

[11] Grill S., Rusterholz C., Zanetti-Dallenbach R., Tercanli S., Holzgreve W. Hahn S. et al. Potential markers of preeclampsia - a review. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2009; 7: 70.

[12] Stepan H., Unversucht A., Wessel N., Faber R. Predictive value of maternal angiogenic factors in second trimester pregnancies with abnormal uterine perfusion. Hypertension. 2007; 49 (4): 818-24.

[13] Stepan H., Geipel A., Schwarz F., Kramer T., Wessel N., Faber R. Circulatory soluble endoglin and its predictive value for preeclampsia in second-trimester pregnancies with abnormal uterine perfusion. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2008; 198 (2):175. e1-6.

[14] Kusanovic J.P., Romero R., Chaiworapongsa T., Erez O., Mittal P., Vaisbuch E. et al. A prospective cohort study of the value of maternal plasma concentrations of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in early pregnancy and midtrimester in the identification of patients destined to develop preeclampsia. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009; 22 (11): 1021-38.

[15] Chaiworapongsa T., Romero R., Korzeniewski S.J., Kusanovic J.P., Soto E., Lam J. et al. Maternal plasma concentrations of angiogenic/antiangiogenic factors in the third trimester of pregnancy to identify the patient at risk for stillbirth at or near term and severe late preeclampsia. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2013; 208 (4): 287. e1-287. e15.

[16] Chaiworapongsa T., Romero R., Savasan Z.A., Kusanovic J.P., Ogge G. et al. Maternal plasma concentrations of angiogenic/antiangiogenic factors are of prognostic value in patients presenting to the obstetrical triage area with the suspicion of preeclampsia. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011; 24 (10): 1187-207.

[17] Schachinger V., Britten M.B., Zeiher A.M. Prognostic impact of coronary vasodilator dysfunction on adverse long-term outcome of coronary heart disease. Circulation. 2000; 101 (16): 1899-906.

[18] Ludmer P.L., Selwyn A.P., Shook T.L. et al. Paradoxical vasoconstriction induced by acetylcholine in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. N. Engl. J. Med. 1986; 315: 1046-51.

[19] van Ierssel S.H., Jorens P.G., Van Craenenbroeck E.M., Conraads V.M. The endothelium, a protagonist in the pathophysiology of critical illness: focus on cellular markers. Biomed. Res. Int. 2014; 2014: 985813.

[20] Noori M., Donald A.E., Angelakopoulou A., Hingorani A.D., Williams D.J. Prospective study of placental angiogenic factors and maternal vascular function before and after preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Circulation. 2010; 122 (5): 478-87.

[21] Saarelainen H., Karkkainen H., Valtonen P., Punnonen K., Laitinen T., Heiskanen N. et al. Flow-mediated vasodilation is not attenuated in hypertensive pregnancies despite biochemical signs of inflammation. ISRNObstet. Gynecol. 2012; 2012: 709464.

[22] Bosio P.M., McKenna P.J., Conroy R., O’Herlihy C. Maternal central hemodynamics in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Obstet. and Gynecol. 1999; 94: 978-84.

[23] Takase B., Goto T., Hamabe A., Uehata A., Kuroda K. et al. Flowmediated dilation in brachial artery in the second half of pregnancy and prediction of pre-eclampsia. J. Hum. Hypertens. 2003; 17 (10): 697-704.

[24] Kamat R., Jain V., Bahl A. Serial estimation of flow mediated dilatation in women at risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Int. J. Cardiol. 2011; 149 (1): 17-22.

[25] Garcia R.G., Celedon J., Sierra-Laguado J., Alarcon M.A., Luengas C., Silva F. et al. Raised C-reactive protein and impaired flow-mediated vasodilation precede the development of preeclampsia. Am. J. Hypertens. 2007; 20 (1): 98-103.

[26] Savvidou M.D., Hingorani A.D., Tsikas D., Frolich J.C., Vallance P., Nicolaides K.H. Endothelial dysfunction and raised plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine in pregnant women who subsequently develop pre-eclampsia. Lancet. 2003; 361 (9368): 1511-7.

[27] Brandao A.H., Felix L.R., do Carmo Patricio E., Leite H.V., Cabral A.C. Difference of endothelial function during pregnancies as a method to predict preeclampsia. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 2014; 290 (3) : 471-7.

[28] Yinon D., Lowenstein L., Suraya S., Beloosesky R., Zmora O., Malhotra A. et al. Pre-eclampsia is associated with sleep disordered breathing and endothelial dysfunction. Eur. Respir. J. 2006; 27 (2): 328-33.

[29] Kvehaugen A.S., Dechend R., Ramstad H.B., Troisi R., Fugelseth D., Staff A.C. Endothelial function and circulating biomarkers are disturbed in women and children after preeclampsia. Hypertension. 2011; 58 (1): 63-9.

[30] Matsuzawa Y., Sugiyama S., Sumida H., Sugamura K., Nozaki T., Ohba K. et al. Peripheral endothelial function and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013; 2 (6): e000426. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000426.

[31] Al Suwaidi J., Hamasaki S., Higano S.T., Nishimura R.A., Holmes D.R. Jr., Lerman A. Long-term follow-up of patients with mild coronary artery disease and endothelial dysfunction. Circulation. 2000; 101 (9): 948-54.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector