Risk factors for pelvic prolapse in women of reproductive age

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a violation of the position of the uterus or the walls of the vagina, manifested by the displacement of the genitals before entering the vagina or falling out of it. Despite more than a century of history of study, POP remains one of the important problems of modern gynecology.

AIM: This study aimed to identify the most significant risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse and their associations in women of reproductive age.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 211 women of reproductive age (18–45 years). Based on the clinical and anamnestic data, all patients were divided into two groups: the main group (n=97), which included patients with pelvic organ prolapse, and the control group (n=114), which included women without prolapse.

RESULTS: The following are the identified significant risk factors: body mass index of >23.03 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR]: 6.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.36–13.34), secondary education (OR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.37–4.21), lifestyle associated with lift (OR: 7.15; 95% CI: 3.41–15.00), history of >3 pregnancies (OR: 4.48; 95% CI: 2.72–8.76), >2 vaginal birth count (OR: 9.12; 95% CI: 4.81–17.28), >1 abortions (OR: 4.34; 95% CI: 2.40–7.85), maximum newborn body weight of >3700 g (OR: 7.67; 95% CI: 4.12–14.28), and perineal obstetric injury (OR: 39.27; 95% CI: 4.79–321.70). Adequate risk factors were childbirth (OR: 8.22; 95% CI: 2.01–33.58), obstetric trauma (OR: 9.16; 95% CI: 1.36–61.68), and weight lifting-associated lifestyle (OR: 37.56, 95% CI: 3.42–412.40).

CONCLUSION: Significant independent risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse in women of reproductive age have been identified as follows: vaginal childbirth, perineal injury in childbirth, and weight lifting-associated lifestyle. The identified risk factors serve as a basis for the development of an early prognosis system for pelvic prolapse development.

Keywords

pelvic organ prolapse / reproductive age / risk factors / perineal injury in childbirth

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