On a way to decoding codes embryonic stem cells

Abstract

In the review the original author’s analysis of the collected information on factors of regulation pluripotency of embryonic stem cells is submitted.

Keywords

pluripotency / self-renewal / genes / embryonic stem cells

References

[1] Brandenberger R., Wei H., Zhang S. et al. Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ESC growth and differentiation. Nat. Biotechnol. 2004; 22: 707-16.

[2] Cai J., Olson J.M., Rao M.S. et al. Development of antibodies to human embryonic stem cell antigens. BMS Dev. Biol. 2005; 5: 26-31.

[3] Wei C.L., Miura T., Robson P. et al. Transcriptome profiling of hESC and mESC identifies divergent paths required to maintain the stem cell state. Stem Cells 2005;23:166-85.

[4] International Stem Cell Initiative. Characterization of hESC cell lines by the International Stem Cell Initiative. Nat. Biotechnol. 2007; 25: 893-2001.

[5] Ma L., Sun B., Hood L. et al. Molecular profiling of stem cells. Clin. Chim. Acta. 2007; 378: 24-32.

[6] Suzuki A., Raya A., Kawakami Y. et al. Nanog binds to Smadl and blocks BMP- induced ESC differentiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 2006; 103:10294-99.

[7] Cole M.F., Johnstone S.E., Newman J.J. etal.Tcf3 is an integral of the core regulatory circuitry of ESCs. Genes Dev. 2008; 22: 746-55.

[8] Kopp J.L., Ormsbee B.D., Desler M. et al. Small increases in the level of Sox2 trigger the differentiation of mESCs. Stem Cells 2008; in press.

[9] Jiang J., Chan Y.S., Loh Y.S. et al. A core Klf circuitry regulate self-renewal of ESCs. Nat. Cell Biol. 2008; 10: 353-60.

[10] Yaklichkin S., Steiner A.B., Lu Q. et al. FoxD3 and Grg4 interact to induce transcription in Xenopus mesoderm. J. Biol. Chem. 2007; 282: 2548-57.

[11] van den Boom V., Kovistra S.M., Boesjes B. et al. UTF1 is a chromatin-associated protein involved in ESC differentiation. J. Cell Biol. 2007; 178:913-24.

[12] Murayama Y., Shinomura Y., Oritani K. et al. The tetraspanin CD9 modulates EGF receptor signaling. J. Cell Physiol. 2008. in press.

[13] Masaki H., Nishida T., Kitajima S. et al. Developmentally associated pluripotency protein DppA4 localized in active chromatin inhibits mESC differentiation into a primitive ectoderm lineage. J. Biol. Chem. 2007; 282: 33034-42.

[14] Galan-Caridad J.M., Harel S., Arenzana T.L. et al. Zfx controls selfrenewal of embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells. Cell 2007; 129: 239-41.

[15] Wang Z. X., Kueh J.L., The! C.H. et al. Zpf206 is a transcription factor that controls the pluripotency of ESCs. Stem Cells 2007; 25: 2173-82.

[16] Pereira L. Yi F., Merrill B.J. Repression of Nanog gene transcription by Tcf3 limits ESC reif renewal. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2006; 26: 7479-87.

[17] Takahashi K., Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 2006; 126: 663-76.

[18] Okita K., Ishisaka T., Yamanaka S. Generation of germ-line competent induced pluripotent cells. Nature 2007; 448: 313-17.

[19] Postovit L.M., Margaryan N.V., Seftor E.A. et al. hESCs suppress the aggressive phenotype of cancer cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 2008; 105: 4329-34.

[20] Nakatake Y., Fukui N., Twamatsu M. et al. Klf4 cooperates with 0ct4/ Sox2 to activate Lefty 1 in ESCs. Mol. Cell Biol. 2006; 26: 7772-82.

[21] Ulloa L., Tabizadeh S. Leftyl inhibits Smad4 phosphorylation induced by TGFB. J. Biol. Chem. 2001; 276:1397-404.

[22] Yu J., Vodjanik M.A., Smuga-Otto K. et al. Induced pluripotent stem cell lines from human somatic cells. Science 2007; 318:1917-20.

[23] Balzer E., Moss E.G. Localization of developing timer regulator Lin28 to RNP complexes. RNA Biol. 2007; 4:16-25.

[24] Lim L.S., Loh Y.H., Zhang W. et al. Zic3 is required for maintenance of pluripotency in ESCs. Mol. Biol. Cell. 2007; 18:1348-58.

[25] Heimbucher T., Murko C., Bajoghli B. et al. Gbx2 and 0tx2 interact with Groucho/Tle co-repressors. Mol. Cell Biol. 2007; 27: 340-51.

[26] Li J.Y., Pu M.T., Hirasawa R. et al. Synergistic function of DNA-methyl transferase Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in the methylation of 0ct4 and Nanog promoters. Mol. Cell Biol. 2007; 27: 8748-59.

[27] Levine A.J., Brivanlou A.H. GDF3- a BMP inhibitor-regulates cell fate in stem cells and embryos. Dev. 2006; 144: 209-16.

[28] Peerani R., Rao B.M., Bauwens C. et al. Niche-mediated control of human ES cell renewal and differentiation. EMBO J. 2007; 26: 4744-55.

[29] Nemir M., Crocquelois A., Pedrazzini T. et al Induction of ESC- cardiogenesis via Notchl downregulation. Giro. Res. 2006; 98:1471-78.

[30] Hu Y.L., Passegue E., Fong S. et al. Evidence that Pm1 kinase is a direct target of HoxA9. Blood 2007; 109: 4732-38.

[31] Zenak D., Lingbeck M., Kostic C. et al. Bmi1 loss producesan increase of astroglial cells and a decrease of NSC population and their proliferation. J. Neurosci. 2005; 25: 5774-83.

[32] Riso A., Dontje B., Vellenga E. et al. Long term maintenance of human HSCs by expression of Bmi1. Blood 2008; 111: 2621-30.

[33] Astorga J., Carlsson P. SHH induction of murine vasculogenesis is mediated by BMP4 and Foxfl. Dev. 2007; 134: 3753-61.

[34] Ogawa K., Saito A., Matsui H. et al. Activin-Nodal signaling is involved in propagation of mESCs. J. Cell Sol. 2007; 120: 55-65.

[35] Bessa J.,Tavarez M.J.,Santos J. etal.MeisI remodulates cyclin D1 and c-myc expression. Dev. 2008; 135: 799-803.

[36] Wen H., Hu Q., Li M. et al. Pax6 directly modulates Sox2 in NSCs. Neurorep. 2008; 19: 413-17.

[37] Jirmanova L., Affanassieff M.A., Gobert-Gosse S. et al. Differential contribution of ERK and РІЗ-kinase to the regulation of cyclinDI and to the control of G1/S transition in mESCs. Oncogene 2002; 36: 5515-28.

[38] Guo Y., Costa R., Ramsey H. The ESC transfected by 0ct4 and FoxD3: interaction to regulate endoderm-specific promoter expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 2002; 99: 3663-67.

[39] Baharvand F.J., Fathi A., van Hoof G. et al. Concise Review: Trends in stem cells proteomics. Stem Cells 2007; 25:1888-93.

[40] Lengner C.J., Camargo F.D., Hochedinger K. et al. 0c4 expression is not required for mouse somatic stem cell self-renewal. Cell Stem Cell 2007; 1:359-62.

[41] Babaie J., Herwig R., Greber B. et al. Analysis of 0ct4-dependent transcriptional networks regulating self-renewal and pluripotency in hESCs. Stem Cells 2007;25:500-10.

[42] Loh Y.H., Wu Q., Chew J.L. et al. The 0ct4 and Nanog transcription network regulates pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nat. Genet. 2006; 38:431-40.

[43] Sharov A.A., Piao J., Matoba R. et al. Transcriptome analysis of mouse stem cells and early embryos. PLoS Biol. 2003; 1: 410-21.

[44] Probst A.V., Almonzni G. Pericentric chromatin: dynamic organization during early development in mammals. Different. 2008; 76:15-23.

[45] Ratajczak J., Miekus K., Kucia M. et al. ESC-derived microvesicles reprogram hematopoietic progenitors: evidence for horizontal transfer of mRNA and protein delivery. Leukemia 2006; 20: 847-56.

[46] Hay D.C., Sutherland L, Clark J. et al. 0ct4 knockdown induces similar patterns of endoderm and trophoblast differentiation in human and mouse ESC. Stem Cells 2004; 22: 225-35.

[47] Schneider R., Grossschedl R. Dynamic and interplay of nuclear architecture, genome organization and gene expression. Genes Dev. 2007; 21: 3027-43.

[48] Arney K.L., Fischer A.G. Epigenetic aspects of differentiation. J. Cell Sol. 2004; 117:4355-63.

[49] Meshorer E., Yellajoshula D., George E. et al. Hyperdynamic plasticity of chromatin proteins in pluripotent ESCs. Dev. Cell 2006; 10:105-15.

[50] SchoferC., Weilpotahammer K. Gene dynamics and nuclear architecture during differentiation. Different. 2008; 76: 41-56.

[51] Meshorer E., Mistell T. Chromatin in pluripotent ESC and differentiation. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2006; 7: 540-46.

[52] ZwakaT.P. Breathing chromatin in pluripotent stem cells. Dev. Cell. 2006; 10:1-2.

[53] Mikkelsen T.S., Ku M., Jaffe D.B. et al. Genome-wide maps of chromatin state in pluripotent and lineage-committed cells. Nature 2007; 448: 553-63.

[54] Spivakov M., Fischer A.G. Epigenetic signatures of stem cell identity. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2007; 8: 263-7.

[55] Pesce M., Schöler H.R. Oct4: gatekeeper in the beginning of mammalian development. Stem Cells 2001; 19: 271-78.

[56] Sato N., Meijer L, Skaltsounis L. et al. Maintenance of pluripotency in human and mouse ESCs through activation of Wnt signaling by a pharmacological GSK-3-specific inhibitor. Nat. Med. 2004; 10: 55-63.

[57] Mikkers H., Frisen J. Deconstructing sternness. EMBO J. 2005; 24: 2715-19.

[58] Oka M.,Tagoku K., Russell T.L. etal.CD9 is associated with LIF mediated maintenance of ESC. Molec. Biol. Cell 2002; 13:1274-81.

[59] Humphrey R.K., Beattie G.M., Lopez A.D. et al. Maintenance of pluripotency in human ESCs is STAT3 independent. Stem Cells 2004; 22: 522-30.

[60] Heins N.. Englund M., Sjoblom C. Derivation, characterization and differentiation of hESC. Stem Cells 2004; 22: 367-76.

[61] Niwa H. Molecular mechanism to maintain stem cell renewal of ES cells. Cell Struct. Funct. 2004; 26:137-48.

[62] Niwa H. Open conformation chromatin and pluripotency. Genes Dev. 2007;21:2671-76.

[63] Pan G., Li J., Zhou Y. et al. A negative feedback loop of transcription factors that controls stem cell pluripotency and self-renewal. FASEB J. 2006; 20: E1094-102.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector