Search for biodegradable polymer material for the reconstruction of tympanic membrane defects

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Biocompatible polymer matrices are extensively investigated as materials for the reconstruction of chronic tympanic perforations.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the general and local toxicity and biodegradation and biocompatibility mechanism of samples of two-layer polymer films based on chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bilayer polymer films were prepared by the casting method using CS solutions with molecular weights of 500 and 900 kDa (CS500 and CS900, respectively) and HA with a molecular weight of 1300 kDa. The samples were also treated at 100°C for 5 min (samples marked with t). The toxicity, biodegradation rate, and biocompatibility of the materials were evaluated in 20 Wistar rats weighing 220–240 g. The rats were observed on days 7, 14, 30, and 50 after subcutaneous implantation.

RESULTS: No acute toxicity, septic or allergic inflammation, or scarring of surrounding tissues was observed during the post-implantation period. The biodegradation rate decreased in the following order: CS500-HA (whitout t) ≥ CS900-HA (whitout t) > CS500-HA (t) > CS900_HA (t). The study demonstrated the effect of CS in different molecular weights and thermal treatment on the degradation rate and polymer implant biodegradation as well as the type of reactive proliferation of the connective tissue.

CONCLUSIONS: These results support further preclinical research on polymer film samples for the development of matrices for tympanoplasties.

Keywords

polymer biodegradable structures / chitosan / hyaluronic acid / tympanic membrane defects / tympanoplasty / myringoplasty

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