Sacrococcygeal teratomas in newborns: peculiarities in diagnostics and treatment of small-sized tumors

Mikhail A. Gopienko; Svetlana A. Karavaeva; Viacheslav B. Silkov; Oleg I. Uskov; Irina E. Miagkova; Margarita B. Belogurova

doi:10.17816/psaic605

Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care ›› 2020, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (1) : 43 -52. DOI: 10.17816/psaic605

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Sacrococcygeal teratomas in newborns: peculiarities in diagnostics and treatment of small-sized tumors

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Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University

Children’s City Multidisciplinary Clinical Specialized Center of High Medical Technologies

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Children’s City Multidisciplinary Clinical Specialized Center of High Medical Technologies

St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

St. Petersburg Clinical Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Medical Assistance (Oncological)

assistant professor of the department of pediatric surgery with course of anesthesiology and intensive care; pediatric surgeon

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the department of pediatric surgery with course of anesthesiology and intensive care; pediatric surgeon; Head of the department of pediatric surgery

Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor of the department of oncology, pediatric oncology, and radiotherapy; pediatric surgeon-oncologist of the department of chemotherapy and combined treatment of tumors in children

Head of pathology department

pediatric pathologist of pathology department

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the department of oncology, pediatric oncology, and radiotherapy; chief of the department of chemotherapy and combined treatment of tumors in children

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Abstract

Introduction. When revealing a sacrococcygeal tumor in pediatric patient (especially — newborn), a germ-cell tumor (GCT) (mostly — teratoma) should be suspected. Just observation in cases of such tumors of small size, which might look as an option, cannot be recommended.

Aim of study: to reveal the peculiarities of diagnostics and treatment of small-sized sacrococcygeal GCT in newborns.

Materials and methods. We analyzed the data of charts of patients with sacrococcygeal GCT from 2 clinics of St. Petersburg (pediatric surgical hospital CCMCSCHMT and pediatric oncological department of St. Petersburg Oncocenter) for past 15 years (2005–2019). Among 55 newborn patients the size of tumor varied, comprising 14 giant (over 14 cm in diameter), 18 large (10–14 сm in diameter), 21 medium-sized (3–9 cm), and 2 small-sized teratomas (under 3 cm in diameter).

Results. In both cases of small-sized GCT prenatal ultrasound was unable to reveal the tumor. Those patients appeared by surgeon occasionally (being either not transferred to hospital from the delivery house after birth or coming because of some other reason). Both patients underwent radical surgery with excision of coccyx (histological diagnosis being ‘mature teratoma’) and are still under observation of oncologist (with no signs of relapse during 6 months and 21 months). During the same period (2005–2019) there were 5 girls treated in St. Petersburg Oncocenter, with sacrococcygeal GCT first diagnosed at older age (10 months – 2 years 9 months). They all had less favorite course and prognosis (histologic variants being yolk sac tumor or embryonic carcinoma; having remote metastases in 2 cases, with relapse in 1 case, and lethal outcomes in 2 cases).

Conclusion. Small-sized sacrococcygeal GCT in newborns can bear a significant risk of delayed diagnosis with possible further malignization and formation of metastases, so active revealing and active surgical treatment in such cases is needed.

Keywords

germ-cell tumors / teratoma / sacrococcygeal region / newborns

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Mikhail A. Gopienko, Svetlana A. Karavaeva, Viacheslav B. Silkov, Oleg I. Uskov, Irina E. Miagkova, Margarita B. Belogurova. Sacrococcygeal teratomas in newborns: peculiarities in diagnostics and treatment of small-sized tumors. Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, 2020, 10(1): 43-52 DOI:10.17816/psaic605

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