Development of operation algorithm of electric drive of an electric vehicle in urban cycle

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Increasing energy efficiency of an electric vehicle is one of the most relevant issues at the current state of transport development. It is known that chemical current sources used in traction electric drive of vehicles have low specific power, low efficiency and high cost that makes the electric transport development difficult.

AIMS: Making the choice of strategy of manufacturing of electric vehicle with batteries.

METHODS: The mathematical models of various vehicle driving cycles, such as: the UNECE Regulation 83 urban cycle, NEDC, WLTC, JC08, EPA HWEET were used in the study that made possible to confirm adequacy of the developed structural model of the electric drive.

RESULTS: The structural layout of the traction electric drive of an electric vehicle with combined energy source has been developed; the algorithm of its operation in the urban driving cycle has been defined. Electric transport efficiency was assessed during the study. The analysis showed that vehicles with solely chemical on-board energy sources do not have any prospects due to unsatisfactory technical properties and consumer attributes. Review of capacitors was performed in order to define the possibility of using them as energy source for next-generation vehicles. The study revealed sufficient advantages of capacitors in many respects. Analysis of vehicle motion in urban cycle was performed in order to develop the optimal design. The electric drive layout with a lithium-ion traction battery as the main energy source and a capacitor as the additional energy source was chosen.

CONCLUSIONS: This solution makes it possible to develop the electric drive with optimal mass and dimensional parameters, to increase service life of energy storage and mileage without recharging of a vehicle. In addition, the combination of two electric energy accumulators and the developed algorithm of their operation makes it possible to achieve high efficiency of energy transferring.

Keywords

electric vehicle / traction electric drive / molecular energy storage / urban driving cycle

References

[1] IEA – International Energy Agency. Latest news, commentaries and reports. Accessed: 14.03.2023. Available from: https://www.iea.org/

[2] IEA – International Energy Agency. Latest news, commentaries and reports. Дата обращения: 14.03.2023. Режим доступа: https://www.iea.org/

[3] Ivanov SA. Issledovanie ispolzovaniya superkondensatorov v kombinirovannykh energoustanovkakh transportnykh sredstv [dissirtation] Moscow; 2003. (In Russ).

[4] Иванов С.А. Исследование использования суперконденсаторов в комбинированных энергоустановках транспортных средств: дисс. … канд. техн. наук. Москва, 2003.

[5] Gusakov NV, Zverev IN, Karunin AL, et al. Car design. Chassis. Moscow: MAMI; 2000.

[6] Гусаков Н.В., Зверев И.Н., Карунин А.Л. и др. Конструкция автомобиля. Шасси. М.: МАМИ, 2000.

[7] Hortov VP. “Fiery motor” with an electric capacitor, or what will save the earth’s oxygen. Tekhnika – molodezhi. 2000;4:34–35. (in Russ.)

[8] Хортов В.П. «Пламенный мотор» с электроконденсатором, или что сбережёт земной кислород // Техника – молодёжи. 2000. № 4. С. 34–35.

[9] Varypaev VN, Dasoyan MA, Nikolsky VA. Chemical current sources: textbook for chemical-technical specialist. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola; 1990. (In Russ).

[10] Варыпаев В.Н., Дасоян М.А., Никольский В.А. Химические источники тока: уч. пос. для хим.-техн. спец. вузов. М.: Высшая школа, 1990.

[11] Polyakov NA. Sistema elektrostarternogo puska transportnykh sredstv s primeneniem kombinirovannogo istochnika elektricheskoy energii [dissertation] Moscow; 2005. (In Russ).

[12] Поляков Н.А. Система электростартерного пуска транспортных средств с применением комбинированного источника электрической энергии: дисс. … канд. техн. наук. Москва, 2005.

[13] Lavrikov AA, Maleev RA, Zuev SM, et al. Mathematical modeling of an adapter for equalizing battery voltages. Vol. 1. Moscow: MGTU «MAMI». 2019;3(41):57–66. (In Russ).

[14] Лавриков А.А., Малеев Р.А., Зуев С.М., и др. Математическое моделирование адаптера для выравнивания напряжений аккумуляторной батареи. Т. 1. М.: МГТУ «МАМИ». 2019. № 3(41). С. 57–66.

[15] Zackheim L.N. Electrolytic Capacitors. Moscow, Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoe energeticheskoe izdatelstvo; 1954.

[16] Закгейм Л.Н. Электролитические конденсаторы. М., Л.: Государственное энергетическое издательство, 1954.

[17] GOST R 41.83-99. (Pravila EEK OON № 83). Edinoobraznye predpisaniya, kasayushchiesya ofitsialnogo utverzhdeniya transportnykh sredstv v otnoshenii vybrosov zagryaznyayushchikh veshchestv v zavisimosti ot topliva, neobkhodimogo dlya dvigateley. Dobavlenie 82. Peresmotr 3. (In Russ). Available from: https://meganorm.ru/Data2/1/4294847/4294847005.htm

[18] ГОСТ Р 41.83-99. (Правила ЕЭК ООН № 83). Единообразные предписания, касающиеся официального утверждения транспортных средств в отношении выбросов загрязняющих веществ в зависимости от топлива, необходимого для двигателей. Добавление 82. Пересмотр 3. Режим доступа: https://meganorm.ru/ Data2/1/4294847/4294847005.htm

[19] GOST R EN 1986-1-2011. Avtomobili s elektricheskoy tyagoy. Izmerenie energeticheskikh kharakteristik. Ch. 1. Elektromobili. (In Russ). Available from: https://files.stroyinf.ru/Data/512/51232.pdf

[20] ГОСТ Р ЕН 1986-1-2011. Автомобили с электрической тягой. Измерение энергетических характеристик. Ч. 1. Электромобили. Режим доступа: https://files.stroyinf.ru/Data/512/51232.pdf

[21] GOST R 59078-2020. Elektromobili i avtomobilnye transportnye sredstva s kombinirovannymi energoustanovkami. Klassifikatsiya. (In Russ). Available from: https://files.stroyinf.ru/Data/752/75225.pdf

[22] ГОСТ Р 59078-2020. Электромобили и автомобильные транспортные средства с комбинированными энергоустановками. Классификация. Режим доступа: https://files.stroyinf.ru/ Data/752/75225.pdf

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector