Quality of life of patients with asthma: the effects of overweight, obesity and multimorbidity

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Despite significant progress in the search for treatable additional features affecting multicomponent control of bronchial asthma, there is currently a paucity of research studies with a comprehensive assessment of the impact of obesity and multimorbidity on quality of life in patients with bronchial asthma.

AIM: To assess the effect of personalizing features (obesity and multimorbidity) on the quality of life of patients with different levels of asthma control.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with asthma (n = 237) were divided into 3 groups depending on BMI. Multimorbid pathology was analyzed by Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS), asthma control — Asthma Control Questionnaire-5 (ACQ-5), quality of life — Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire with Standardized Activities [AQLQ(S)], anxiety and depression — Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Statistical analysis: Microsoft Excel, Statistica 12.0, Statgraphics XVIII.

RESULTS: Patients with obesity and asthma had more comorbidities (p < 0.05). Quality of life in patients with high and normal body weight depended on the level of control and the number of diseases (p < 0.05), with getting worse disease control these differences became insignificant. In the group with obesity, activity limitation (p = 0.0150) and overall quality of life (p < 0.005) increased significantly with increasing number of diseases. Anxiety levels increased with increasing number of illnesses (p < 0.0001). Quality of life of patients according to AQLQ(S) has inverse correlation with BMI (r = −0.5135), age (r = −0.2034) with CIRS scores (r = −0.4905) with anxiety (r = −0.5078) and depression (r = −0.4820) level.

CONCLUSIONS: Body weight, level of asthma control, depression and anxiety, and the number of comorbid multimorbid conditions affect the quality of life of patients with asthma. Obesity makes a significant negative contribution to worsening asthma control and patients’ quality of life, in this group patients have the highest level of multimorbidity and they have a prevalence of anxiety. To improve asthma control, patients need a complex examination including assessment of quality of life, depression and anxiety, and comorbidities in order to develop personalization of therapeutic approaches to patient management.

Keywords

 bronchial asthma / obesity / multimorbidity / asthma control / quality of life / AQLQ(S)

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