Pertussis is still not a completely controlled infection

Abstract

The lecture focuses on pertussis, an infection managed by specific preventive measures, which continues to threaten both child and maternal health, as well as overall healthcare system.

Despite high vaccination rates, pertussis remains an “under-controlled” infection and a significant contributor to childhood morbidity and mortality. Moreover, in many countries, the incidence of pertussis is clearly rising among both children and adults, with a notable proportion of cases occurring in vaccinated individuals.

This increase may be associated with changes in the antigenic structure of the pathogen, the limited duration of post-vaccination immunity, reduced vaccination coverage, and the use of more sensitive laboratory diagnostic methods.

The lecture addresses modern aspects of the etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pertussis. Given the rising incidence of this infection in Russia and several other countries in 2023, the information presented will be especially valuable for practitioners, particularly family doctors.

Keywords

pertussis / immunity / diagnosis / treatment / specific prevention / vaccine

References

[1] Tatochenko VK. Pertussis — infection not under complete control. Current Pediatrics (Moscow). 2014;13(2):78–82. EDN: SBUALT doi: 10.15690/vsp.v13i2.975

[2] Таточенко В.К. Коклюш — недоуправляемая инфекция // Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2014. № 13(2). С. 78–82. EDN: SBUALT doi: 10.15690/vsp.v13i2.975

[3] Pertussis: Standards for surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases. WHO. September 4, 2018 [Internet]. Available from: https://www.who.int/ru/publications/m/item/vaccine-preventable-diseases-surveillance-standards-pertussis. Accessed: 09 Jan 2024.

[4] Коклюш: Стандарты эпиднадзора за управляемыми инфекциями [Электронный ресурс] // ВОЗ. 4 сентября 2018 г. Режим доступа: https://www.who.int/ru/publications/m/item/vaccine-preventable-diseases-surveillance-standards-pertussis. Дата обращения: 09.01.2024.

[5] Report “Socio-economic situation in Russia” 2023 [Internet]. Rosstat. Ministry of Economic Development of Russia. Available from: https://rosstat.gov.ru/compendium/document/50801. Accessed: 09 Jan 2024. (In Russ.)

[6] Доклад «Социально-экономическое положение России» 2023 [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: https://rosstat.gov.ru/compendium/document/50801. Дата обращения: 09.01.2024.

[7] On the state of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population in the Russian Federation in 2022: State report [Internet]. Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. Moscow; 2023. 370 p. Available from: https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/upload/iblock/b50/t4kqksh4b12a2iwjnha29922vu7naki5/GD-SEB.pdf. Accessed: 09 Jan 2024. (In Russ.)

[8] О состоянии санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения в Российской Федерации в 2022 году: Государственный доклад [Электронный ресурс] // Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека. Москва, 2023. 370 с. Режим доступа: https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/upload/iblock/b50/t4kqksh4b12a2iwjnha29922vu7naki5/GD-SEB.pdf. Дата обращения: 09.01.2024.

[9] Babachenko IV, Nesterova YuV, Chernyshova YuYu, et al. Clinical-epidemiological aspects of whooping cough in children in conditions of mass vaccinoprophylactics. Journal of Infectology. 2019;11(2):88–96. EDN: BKEKZC doi: 10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-2-88-96

[10] Бабаченко И.В., Нестерова Ю.В., Чернышова Ю.Ю., и др. Клинико-эпидемиологические аспекты коклюша у детей в условиях массовой вакцинопрофилактики // Журнал инфектологии. 2019. Т. 11, № 2. С. 88–96. EDN: BKEKZC doi: 10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-2-88-96

[11] Nesterova YuV, Medkova AYu, Babachenko IV, et al. Clinical-diagnostic value of bordetella pertussis geneticmarkers in contact persons in familial foci. Journal of Infectology. 2019;11(1):17–24. EDN: UBTKHK doi: 10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-1-17-24

[12] Нестерова Ю.В., Медкова А.Ю., Бабаченко И.В., и др. Клинико-диагностическое значение генетических маркеров Bordetella pertussis у контактных лиц в семейных очагах // Журнал инфектологии. 2019. Т. 11, № 1. С. 17–24. EDN: UBTKHK doi: 10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-1-17-24

[13] Bisgard KM, Pascual FB, Ehresmann KR, et al. Infant pertussis: who was the source? Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23:985–989. doi: 10.1097/01.inf.0000145263.37198.2b

[14] Bisgard K.M., Pascual F.B., Ehresmann K.R., et al. Infant pertussis: who was the source? // Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004. Vol. 23. P. 985–989. doi: 10.1097/01.inf.0000145263.37198.2b

[15] Lobzin YV, Bakhareva NV. Retrospective Study of the clinical epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in infants prior to their first vaccination in the Russian Federation. Infect Dis Ther. 2015;4(1):113–123. doi: 10.1007/s40121-015-0059-9

[16] Lobzin Y.V., Bakhareva N.V. Retrospective study of the clinical epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in infants prior to their first vaccination in the Russian Federation // Infect Dis Ther. 2015. Vol. 4, N 1. P. 113–123. doi: 10.1007/s40121-015-0059-9

[17] Liko J, Steve G, Robison BS, et al. Priming with whole-cell versus acellular pertussis vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(6):581–582. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1212006

[18] Liko J., Steve G., Robison B.S., et al. Priming with whole-cell versus acellular pertussis vaccine // N Engl J Med. 2013. Vol. 368, N 6. P. 581–582. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1212006

[19] Cherry JD. Why do pertussis vaccines fail? Pediatrics. 2012;129:968–970. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-2594

[20] Cherry J.D. Why do pertussis vaccines fail? // Pediatrics. 2012. Vol. 129. P. 968–970. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-2594

[21] Bortolussi R, Miller B, Ledwith M, et al. Clinical course of pertussis in immunized children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1995;14:870–874. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199510000-00010

[22] Bortolussi R., Miller B., Ledwith M., et al. Clinical course of pertussis in immunized children // Pediat Infect Dis J. 1995. Vol. 14. P. 870–874. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199510000-00010

[23] Sizemov AN, Komeleva EV. Whooping cough: clinic, diagnostics, treatment. Lechaschi Vrach. 2005;7:82–87. (In Russ.)

[24] Сиземов А.Н., Комелева Е.В. Коклюш: клиника, диагностика, лечение // Лечащий врач. 2005. Vol. 7. P. 82–87.

[25] Babachenko IV, Kharit SM, Kurova NN, Tseneva GYa. Cough in children. Moscow: Commentary; 2014. 176 p. (In Russ.) EDN: VZMRBN

[26] Бабаченко И.В. Харит С.М., Курова Н.Н., Ценева Г.Я. Коклюш у детей. Москва: Комментарий, 2014. 176 с. EDN: VZMRBN

[27] Popova OP, Gorelov AV. Modern aspects of whooping cough in children. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2017. 192 p. (In Russ.) EDN: XUXBDT

[28] Попова О.П., Горелов А.В. Современные аспекты коклюша у детей. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2017. 192 с. EDN: XUXBDT

[29] Mazurova IK, Borisova OYu, Petrova MS. Bordetella is the causative agent of whooping cough. In: Labinskaya AS, Kostyukova NN, Ivanova SM, editors. Guide to medical microbiology. Private medical microbiology and etiological diagnosis of infections. Moscow: Binom; 2010. P. 645–668. (In Russ.)

[30] Мазурова И.К., Борисова О.Ю., Петрова М.С. Бордетеллы — возбудители коклюша. В кн.: Руководство по медицинской микробиологии. Частная медицинская микробиология и этиологическая диагностика инфекций / под ред. А.С. Лабинской, Н.Н. Костюковой, С.М. Ивановой. Москва: Бином, 2010. С. 645–668.

[31] Kilgore PE, Salim AM, Zervous MJ, Schmitt H-J. Pertussis: Microbiology, disease, treatment, and prevention. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2016;29(3):449–486. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00083-15

[32] Kilgore P.E., Salim A.M., Zervous M.J., Schmitt H.-J. Pertussis: microbiology, disease, treatment, and prevention // Clin Microbiol Rev. 2016. Vol. 29, N 3. P. 449–486. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00083-15

[33] Clinical recommendations “Whooping cough in children 2019” [Internet]. Available from: http://niidi.ru/dotAsset/81b423f4-54db-46be-ab61-eba09a97e09f.pdf. Accessed: 09 Jan 2024. (In Russ.)

[34] Клинические рекомендации «Коклюш у детей». 2019. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: http://niidi.ru/dotAsset/81b423f4-54db-46be-ab61-eba09a97e09f.pdf. Дата обращения: 06.01.2024.

[35] Waters V, Halperin SA. Bordetella pertussis. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, editors. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015. P. 2619–2628.

[36] Waters V., Halperin S.A. Bordetella pertussis. In: Bennett J.E., Dolin R., Blaser M.J., editors. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2015. P. 2619–2628.

[37] Guidelines MUK 4.2.3701-21 “Laboratory diagnosis of whooping cough and diseases caused by other bordetella” [Internet]. Available from: https://base.garant.ru/403357325/. Accessed: 09 Jan 2024. (In Russ.)

[38] Методические указания МУК 4.2.3701-21 “Лабораторная диагностика коклюша и заболеваний, обусловленных другими бордетеллами” [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: https://base.garant.ru/403357325/. Дата обращения: 09.01.2024.

[39] Svetlichnaya SV, Elagina LA, Popovich LD. Evaluation of the economic efficacy of vaccination against pertussis based on real-world data. Real-World Data and Evidence. 2023;3(1):9–19. EDN: GYOCBZ doi: 10.37489/2782-3784-myrwd-27

[40] Светличная С.В., Елагина Л.А., Попович Л.Д. Оценка экономической эффективности вакцинации против коклюша на основе данных реальной клинической практики // Реальная клиническая практика: данные и доказательства. 2023. Т. 3, № 1. С. 9–19. EDN: GYOCBZ doi: 10.37489/2782-3784-myrwd-27

[41] Stepenko AV, Mindlina AYa. Risk management for the development of the epidemic process of whooping cough: missed opportunities and new prospects. Medical almanac. 2017;(4(49)):83–86. (In Russ.)

[42] Степенко А.В., Миндлина А.Я. Управление рисками развития эпидемического процесса коклюша: упущенные возможности и новые перспективы // Медицинский альманах. 2017. № 4(49). С. 83–86.

[43] Wang K, Fry NK, Campbell H, et al. Whooping cough in school age children presenting with persistent cough in UK primary care after introduction of the preschool pertussis booster vaccination: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2014;348:g3668. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g3668

[44] Wang K., Fry N.K., Campbell H., et al. Whooping cough in school age children presenting with persistent cough in UK primary care after introduction of the preschool pertussis booster vaccination: prospective cohort study // BMJ. 2014. Vol. 348. P. g3668. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g3668

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector