COVID-19 as a new risk factor for the development of acute vascular diseases of the optic nerve and retina

Abstract

The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral respiratory infection accompanied by systemic “endotheliitis”. COVID-19 patients usually encounter changes related to hypercoagulability, hypofibrinolysis, and increased intravascular platelet aggregation. There is also a vascular wall thromboresistance decrease and impaired vasomotor function, which significantly increase the risk of thromboembolic complications. Currently, pathogenic aspects of the relationship between COVID-19 and vascular and inflammatory conditions of the optic nerve and retina are actively investigated. One of the triggers of impaired blood flow in ocular vessels may be a perfusion pressure decrease, observed in the acute period of the infectious process. This is related to both COVID-19 clinical course features and to resuscitation specificity as well. Secondary autoimmune inflammation is being considered as a mechanism of damage to the vascular wall in the post-infectious period. In this publication, possible pathogenic links of these diseases are considered for the first time in a specific context of the example of ischemic optic neuropathy associated with coronavirus infection.

Keywords

COVID-19 / AION / anterior ischemic optic neuropathy / ischemic optic neuropathy / diabetic retinopathy / retinal vascular diseases

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Turgel V.A., Antonov V.A., Tultseva S.N., Shadrichev F.E., Grigorieva N.N.