Congenital cataract associated with COVID-19 infection

Abstract

AIM: To describe cases of COVID-19-induced congenital pathology of the lens and eye in children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine children (9 eyes) aged 3–6 months with congenital cataract (СC), whose mothers had COVID-19 during pregnancy, were examined.

RESULTS: All children had unilateral CC, with heterogeneous turbidity. Changes in the shape, volume, and structure of the capsule sac were often combined with microphthalmia (66.7%) and primary persistent vitreous body syndrome (PPGST) (88.9%).

CONCLUSION: The results revealed the possibility of the unilateral development congenital pathology of the lens with the presence of concomitant pathology: microphthalmos, PPGST syndrome in children born to mothers who had SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Given the risk of transplacental transmission of the coronavirus from a pregnant woman to a fetus with СC development, these children need a more detailed examination in the first month of life for timely detection of pathology and provision of treatment. Surgical treatment of this pathology often requires a nonstandard individual approach to each stage of the operation and management of the postoperative period.

Keywords

congenital cataract / microphthalmos / primary persistent vitreous body syndrome / PPGST syndrome / coronavirus infection

References

[1] Casalino G, Monaco G, Di Sarro PP, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 presenting with conjunctivitis as the first symptom. Eye (Lond). 2020;34(7):1235–1236. doi: 10.1038/s41433-020-0909-x

[2] Casalino G., Monaco G., Di Sarro P.P., et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 presenting with conjunctivitis as the first symptom // Eye (Lond). 2020. Vol. 34, N 7. P. 1235–1236. doi: 10.1038/s41433-020-0909-x

[3] Chen L, Deng C, Chen X, et al. Ocular manifestations and clinical characteristics of 535 cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional study. Acta Ophthalmol. 2020;98(8):e951–e959. doi: 10.1111/aos.14472

[4] Chen L., Deng C., Chen X., et al. Ocular manifestations and clinical characteristics of 535 cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional study // Acta Ophthalmol. 2020. Vol. 98, N 8. P. e951–e959. doi: 10.1111/aos.14472

[5] Marquezan MC, Marquezam JP, Nascimento H, et al. Conjunctivitis Related to not Severe COVID-19: A Case Report. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2021;29(4):631–633. doi: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1837186

[6] Marquezan M.C., Marquezam J.P., Nascimento H., et al. Conjunctivitis Related to not Severe COVID-19: A Case Report // Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2021. Vol. 29, N 4. P. 631–633. doi: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1837186

[7] Maychuk DYu, Atlas SN, Loshkareva AO. Ocular manifestations of coronavirus infection COVID-19 (clinical observation). Vestnik Oftalmologii. 2020;136(4):118–123. (In Russ). doi: 10.17116/oftalma2020136041118

[8] Майчук Д.Ю., Атлас С.Н., Лошкарева А.О. Глазные проявления коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 (клиническое наблюдение) // Вестник офтальмологии. 2020. Т. 136, № 4. С. 118–123. doi: 10.17116/oftalma2020136041118

[9] Cheema M, Aghazadeh H, Nazarali S, et al. Keratoconjunctivitis as the initial medical presentation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Can J Ophthalmol. 2020;55(4):e125–e129. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2020.03.003

[10] Cheema M., Aghazadeh H., Nazarali S., et al. Keratoconjunctivitis as the initial medical presentation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) // Can J Ophthalmol. 2020. Vol. 55, N 4. P. e125–e129. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2020.03.003

[11] Guo D, Xia J, Wang Y, et al. Relapsing viral keratoconjunctivitis in COVID-19: a case report. Virol J. 2020;17(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s12985-020-01370-6

[12] Guo D., Xia J., Wang Y., et al. Relapsing viral keratoconjunctivitis in COVID-19: a case report // Virol J. 2020. Vol. 17, N 1. P. 97. doi: 10.1186/s12985-020-01370-6

[13] Mangana MC, Kargacin BA, Barraquer R.I. Episcleritis as an ocular manifestation in a patient with COVID-19. Acta Ophthalmol. 2020;98(8):e1056–e1057. doi: 10.1111/aos.14484

[14] Mangana M.C., Kargacin B.A., Barraquer R.I. Episcleritis as an ocular manifestation in a patient with COVID-19 // Acta Ophthalmol. 2020. Vol. 98, N 8. P. e1056–e1057. doi: 10.1111/aos.14484

[15] Otaif W, Al Somali AI, Al Habash A. Episcleritis as a possible presenting sign of the novel coronavirus disease: A case report. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2020;20:100917. doi: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100917

[16] Otaif W., Al Somali A.I., Al Habash A. Episcleritis as a possible presenting sign of the novel coronavirus disease: A case report // Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2020. N 20. P. 100917. doi: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100917

[17] Invernizzi A, Torre A, Parrulli S, et al. Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19: Results from the SERPICO-19 study. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;27:100550. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100550

[18] Invernizzi A., Torre A., Parrulli S., et al. Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19: Results from the SERPICO-19 study // EClinicalMedicine. 2020. N 27. P. 100550. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100550

[19] Landecho MF, Yuste JR, Gandara E, et al. COVID-19 retinal microangiopathy as an in vivo biomarker of systemic vascular disease? J Intern Med. 2021;289(1):116–120. doi: 10.1111/joim.13156

[20] Landecho M.F., Yuste J.R., Gandara E., et al. COVID-19 retinal microangiopathy as an in vivo biomarker of systemic vascular disease? // J Intern Med. 2021. Vol. 289, N 1. P. 116–120. doi: 10.1111/joim.13156

[21] Marinho PM, Marcos AAA, Romano AC, et al. Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19. Lancet. 2020;395(10237):1610. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31014-X

[22] Marinho P.M., Marcos A.A.A., Romano A.C., et al. Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19 // Lancet. 2020. Vol. 395, N 10237. P. 1610. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31014-X

[23] Raval N, Djougarian A, Lin J. Central retinal vein occlusion in the setting of COVID-19 infection. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2021;11(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s12348-021-00241-7

[24] Raval N., Djougarian A., Lin J. Central retinal vein occlusion in the setting of COVID-19 infection // J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2021. Vol. 11, N 1. P. 10. doi: 10.1186/s12348-021-00241-7

[25] Acharya S, Diamond M, Anwar S, et al. Unique case of central retinal artery occlusion secondary to COVID-19 disease. IDCases. 2020;21:e00867. doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00867

[26] Acharya S., Diamond M., Anwar S., et al. Unique case of central retinal artery occlusion secondary to COVID-19 disease // IDCases. 2020. N 21. P. e00867. doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00867

[27] Diaz MM, Piqueras CS, Marchite BC, Vahdani K. Acute dacryoadenitis in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Orbit. 2022;41(3):374–377. doi: 10.1080/01676830.2020.1867193

[28] Diaz M.M., Piqueras C.S., Marchite B.C., Vahdani K. Acute dacryoadenitis in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection // Orbit. 2022. Vol. 41, N 3. Р. 374–377. doi: 10.1080/01676830.2020.1867193

[29] Ludvigsson JF. Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults. Acta Paediatr. 2020;109(6):1088–1095. doi: 10.1111/apa.15270

[30] Ludvigsson J.F. Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults // Acta Paediatr. 2020. Vol. 109, N 6. P. 1088–1095. doi: 10.1111/apa.15270

[31] Chiotos K, Bassiri H, Behrens EM, et al. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children During the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic: A Case Series. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2020;9(3):393–398. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piaa069

[32] Chiotos K., Bassiri H., Behrens E.M., et al. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children During the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic: A Case Series // J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2020. Vol. 9, N 3. P. 393–398. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piaa069

[33] Denisova EV, Demchenko EN, Geraskina EA, et al. Bilateral neurorethinovasculitis associated with COVID-19 infection in a girl 17 years old. Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology. 2021;16(2):41–52. (In Russ). doi: 10.17816.2021-16-2-37-42

[34] Денисова Е.В., Демченко Е.Н., Гераськина Е.А., и др. Двусторонний нейроретиноваскулит, ассоциированный с инфекцией COVID-19, у девочки 17 лет // Российская педиатрическая офтальмология. 2021. Т. 16, № 2. С. 41–52. doi: 10.17816.2021-16-2-37-42

[35] Riphagen S, Gomez X, Gonzalez-Martinez C, et al. Hyperinflammatory shock in children during COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2020;395(10237):1607–1608. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31094-1

[36] Riphagen S., Gomez X., Gonzalez-Martinez C., et al. Hyperinflammatory shock in children during COVID-19 pandemic // Lancet. 2020. Vol. 395, N 10237. P. 1607–1608. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31094-1

[37] Pleskova AV, Mamakaeva IR, Katargina LA. Congenital ocular manifestations in children born to mothers who had COVID-19 coronavirus infection during pregnancy. Clinical cases. Russian Ophthalmological Journal. 2023;16(2):140–145. (In Russ). doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2023-16-2-140-145

[38] Плескова А.В., Мамакаева И.Р., Катаргина Л.А., и др. Врожденные глазные проявления у детей, рожденных от матерей, перенесших во время беременности коронавирусную инфекцию COVID-19. Клинические случаи // Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2023. Т. 16, № 2. С. 140–145. doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2023-16-2-140-145

[39] Zamaniyan M, Ebadi A, Aghajanpoor S, et al. Preterm delivery, maternal death, and vertical transmission in a pregnant woman with COVID-19 infection. Prenat Diagn. 2020;40(13):1759–1761. doi: 10.1002/pd.5713

[40] Zamaniyan M., Ebadi A., Aghajanpoor S., et al. Preterm delivery, maternal death, and vertical transmission in a pregnant woman with COVID-19 infection // Prenat Diagn. 2020. Vol. 40, N 13. Р. 1759–1761. doi: 10.1002/pd.5713

[41] Dong L, Tian J, He S, et al. Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn. JAMA. 2020;323(18):1846–1848. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4621

[42] Dong L., Tian J., He S., et al. Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn // JAMA. 2020. Vol. 323, N 18. Р. 1846–1848. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4621

[43] Alzamora MC, Paredes T, Caceres D, et al. Severe COVID-19 during pregnancy and possible vertical transmission. Am J Perinatol. 2020;37(8):861–865. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1710050

[44] Alzamora M.C., Paredes T., Caceres D., et al. Severe COVID-19 during pregnancy and possible vertical transmission // Am J Perinatol. 2020. Vol. 37, N 8. Р. 861–865. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1710050

[45] Hu X, Gao J, Luo X, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vertical transmission in neonates born to mothers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;136(1):65–67. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003926

[46] Hu X., Gao J., Luo X., et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vertical transmission in neonates born to mothers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia // Obstet Gynecol. 2020. Vol. 136, N 1. Р. 65–67. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003926

[47] Algarroba GN, Rekawek P, Vahanian SA, et al. Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 virus invading the human placenta using electron microscopy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;223(2):275–278. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.023

[48] Algarroba G.N., Rekawek P., Vahanian S.A., et al. Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 virus invading the human placenta using electron microscopy // Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020. Vol. 223, N 2. Р. 275–278. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.023

[49] Penfield CA, Brubaker SG, Limaye MA, et al. Detection of SARS-COV-2 in placental and fetal membrane samples. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020;2(3):100133. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100133

[50] Penfield C.A., Brubaker S.G., Limaye M.A., et al. Detection of SARS-COV-2 in placental and fetal membrane samples // Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020. Vol. 2, N 3. Р. 100133. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100133

[51] Patanè L, Morotti D, Giunta MR, et al. Vertical transmission of COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 RNA on the fetal side of the placenta in pregnancies with COVID-19 positive mothers and neonates at birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020;2(3):100145. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.10014

[52] Patanè L., Morotti D., Giunta M.R., et al. Vertical transmission of COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 RNA on the fetal side of the placenta in pregnancies with COVID-19 positive mothers and neonates at birth // Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020. Vol. 2, N 3. Р. 100145. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.10014

[53] Kirtsman M, Diambomba Y, Poutanen SM, et al. Probable congenital SARS-CoV-2 infection in a neonate born to a woman with active SARS-CoV-2 infection. CMAJ. 2020;192(24):E647–E650. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.200821

[54] Kirtsman M., Diambomba Y., Poutanen S.M., et al. Probable congenital SARS-CoV-2 infection in a neonate born to a woman with active SARS-CoV-2 infection // CMAJ. 2020. Vol. 192, N 24. Р. E647–E650. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.200821

[55] Facchetti F, Bugatti M, Drera E, et al. SARS-CoV2 vertical transmission with adverse effects on the newborn revealed through integrated immunohistochemical, electron microscopy and molecular analyses of placenta. EBioMedicine. 2020;59:102951. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102951

[56] Facchetti F., Bugatti M., Drera E., et al. SARS-CoV2 vertical transmission with adverse effects on the newborn revealed through integrated immunohistochemical, electron microscopy and molecular analyses of placenta // EBioMedicine. 2020. N 59. Р. 102951. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102951

[57] Schwartz DA, Baldewijns M, Benachi A, et al. Chronic histiocytic intervillositis with trophoblast necrosis are risk factors associated with placental infection from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and intrauterine maternal–fetal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in liveborn and stillborn infants. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2021;145(5):517–528. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0771-SA

[58] Schwartz D.A., Baldewijns M., Benachi A., et al. Chronic histiocytic intervillositis with trophoblast necrosis are risk factors associated with placental infection from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and intrauterine maternal–fetal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in liveborn and stillborn infants // Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2021. Vol. 145, N 5. P. 517–528. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0771-SA

[59] Kotlyar AM, Grechukhina O, Chen A, et al. Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;224(1):35–53. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.07.049

[60] Kotlyar A.M., Grechukhina O., Chen A., et al. Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis // Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021. Vol. 224, N 1. Р. 35–53. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.07.049

[61] Valdespino-Vázquez MY, Helguera-Repetto CA, León-Juárez M, et al. Fetal and placental infection with SARS-CoV-2 in early pregnancy. J Med Virol. 2021;93(7):4480–4487. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26965

[62] Valdespino-Vázquez M.Y., Helguera-Repetto C.A., León-Juárez M., et al. Fetal and placental infection with SARS-CoV-2 in early pregnancy // J Med Virol. 2021. Vol. 93, N 7. Р. 4480–4487. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26965

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector