Correlation analysis of some functional and anatomical parameters of the visual analyzer in nystagmus and amblyopia of various origins

Abstract

Aim: To conduct a correlation analysis of the parameters of visual fixation, light sensitivity of the retina in the central region, and the thickness of the central region of the retina and choroid with the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refraction (SER), and axial length of the eye (AL) in nystagmus and amblyopia of various origins.

Material and methods: The study included 45 patients aged 5–44 years (mean 11.2±6.14 years). All patients were divided into six groups depending on the type of amblyopia and associated conditions (with nystagmus). The retinal photosensitivity and fixation parameters were studied using an MP-3 Nidek microperimeter (Japan). Chorioretinal parameters were studied using an RS-3000 Advance 2 spectral optical coherence tomograph (Nidek, Japan). The axial length of the eye was measured using a Galilei G6 Scheimpflug analyzer. Correlation analysis was performed using the linear Pearson correlation coefficient (r).

Results: In nystagmus, refractive and dysbinocular amblyopia, a strong direct correlation was found between the indicators of BCVA and the characteristics of fixation. In the groups associated with congenital myopia, relationships were found between BCVA, retinal thickness, and light sensitivity of the retina in the central region. There was no relationship between the subfoveal choroidal thickness and functional parameters of the eyes.

Conclusions: In nystagmus and amblyopia associated with strabismus and hyperopic refraction, the primary amblyogenic factor is a decrease in the density and amplitude of fixation. In relative amblyopia due to congenital myopia, the decrease in visual acuity correlates with the photosensitivity of the retina and does not correlate with fixation parameters, which indicates the partially organic nature of relative amblyopia. No relationship was found between the choroidae thikness and the degree of amblyopia, which does not cofine its participation in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Keywords

nystagmus / amblyopia / microperimetry / optical coherence tomography / fixation / refraction / axial length of the eye

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