The state of the visual sensory system in multiple sclerosis

Elvira I. Saidasheva , Ernest V. Boiko , Svetlana V. Buyanovskaya

Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology ›› 2020, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (3) : 28 -36.

PDF
Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology ›› 2020, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (3) : 28 -36. DOI: 10.17816/rpo2020-15-3-28-36
Reviews
research-article

The state of the visual sensory system in multiple sclerosis

Author information +
History +
PDF

Abstract

The article presents a review of publications on the changes in the visual field analyzer in multiple sclerosis.

Keywords

multiple sclerosis / visual sensory system

Cite this article

Download citation ▾
Elvira I. Saidasheva, Ernest V. Boiko, Svetlana V. Buyanovskaya. The state of the visual sensory system in multiple sclerosis. Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology, 2020, 15(3): 28-36 DOI:10.17816/rpo2020-15-3-28-36

登录浏览全文

4963

注册一个新账户 忘记密码

References

[1]

Skoromets AA, Skoromets AP, Skoromets TA. Nervous diseases. [Nervnye bolezni]. Moscow: MED press-inform; 2005. (in Russ.)

[2]

Скоромец А.А., Скоромец А.П., Скоромец Т.А. Нервные болезни. М.: МЕД пресс-информ; 2005.

[3]

Nikiforov AS, Guseva MR. Neuroophthalmology. [Neirooftal’mologiya]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2008. (in Russ.)

[4]

Никифоров А.С., Гусева М.Р. Нейроофтальмология. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2008.

[5]

Mumentaler M, Matle Kh. Demyelinating diseases. Neurology. [Demieliniziruyushchie zabolevaniya. Nevrologiya]. Ed by Levin OS Moscow: MED press-inform; 2011. (in Russ.)

[6]

Мументалер М., Матле Х. Демиелинизирующие заболевания. Неврология. Под ред. Левина О.С. М.: МЕД пресс-информ; 2011.

[7]

Boiko AN, Kukel’ TM, Lysenko MA, et al. Clinical epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Moscow. Сlinical demo graphic characteristics in population of one region of Moscow. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2014; 114(2):10-5. (in Russ.)

[8]

Бойко А.Н., Кукель Т.М., Лысенко М.А. и др. Клиническая эпидемиология рассеянного склероза в Москве. Современные клинико-демографические особенности на примере популяции одного из округов города. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2014;114(2):10-5.

[9]

Guzeva VI, Chukhlovina ML. Multiple sclerosis. Diagnostics and treatment (age aspects). [Rasseyannyi skleroz. Diagnostika i lechenie (vozrastnye aspekty)]. St. Peterburg: Foliant; 2003. (in Russ.)

[10]

Гузева В.И., Чухловина М.Л. Рассеянный склероз. Диагностика и лечение (возрастные аспекты). СПб.: Фолиант; 2003.

[11]

Lobzin SV, Golovkin VI, Semenova LA, Fominceva MV. Associated multiple sclerosis. Vestnik SZGMU im. I.I. Mechnikova. 2014;6(2):120-123. (in Russ.)

[12]

Лобзин С.В., Головкин В.И., Семенова Л.А., Фоминце-ва М.В. Ассоциированный рассеянный склероз. Вестник СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова. 2014;6(2):120-3.

[13]

Dobson R, Giovannoni G. Multiple sclerosis - a review. Eur. J. Neurol. 2019;26(1):27-40. Doi: 10.1111/ene.13819.

[14]

Dobson R., Giovannoni G. Multiple sclerosis — a review. Eur. J. Neurol. 2019;26(1):27-40. Doi: 10.1111/ene.13819.

[15]

Oh J, Vidal-Jordana A, Montalban X. Multiple sclerosis: clinical aspects. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 2018;31(6):752-9. Doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000622.

[16]

Oh J., Vidal-Jordana A., Montalban X. Multiple sclerosis: clinical aspects. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 2018;31(6):752-759. Doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000622.

[17]

Yamout BI, Alroughani R. Multiple sclerosis. Semin. Neurol. 2018;38(2):212-25. Doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1649502.

[18]

Yamout BI, Alroughani R. Multiple sclerosis. Semin. Neurology. 2018;38(2):212-25. Doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1649502.

[19]

Boiko AN, Bykova OV, Maslova OI, et al. Multiple sclerosis in children. Rossiiskaya pediatricheskaya oftal’mologiya. 2001;(1):26-30. (in Russ.)

[20]

Бойко А.Н., Быкова О.В., Маслова О.И. и др. Рассеянный склероз у детей. Российская педиатрическая офтальмология. 2001;(1):26-30.

[21]

Guzeva VI, ed. Federal guide on pediatric neurology. [Federal’noe rukovodstvo po detskoi nevrologii]. Moscow: MK; 2016. (in Russ.)

[22]

Гузева В.И., ред. Федеральное руководство по детской неврологии. М.: МК; 2016.

[23]

Guseva MR, Boiko SYu, Boiko AN. The prognostic and immunogenetic features of optic neuritis in the children presenting with disseminated sclerosis. Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology. 2012;(1):10-4. (in Russ.)

[24]

Гусева М.Р., Бойко С.Ю., Бойко А.Н. Прогностические и иммуногенетические особенности оптического неврита у детей с рассеянным склерозом. Российская педиатрическая офтальмология. 2012;(1):10-4.

[25]

Voloshina NP, Egorkin OV, Evtushenko SK, Moskalenko MA. Proekt protokola lecheniya pediatricheskogo rasseyannogo skleroza. Mezhdunarodnyy nevrologicheskiy zhurnal. 2012;54(8):143-74. (in Russ.)

[26]

Волошина Н.П., Егоркин О.В., Евтушенко С.К., Москаленко М.А. Проект протокола лечения педиатрического рассеянного склероза. Международный неврологический журнал. 2012;54(8):143-74.

[27]

Ghezzi A, Banwell B, Boyko A, Amato MP. The management of multiple sclerosis in children: European view. Mult. Scler. 2010;16(10):1258-67. Doi: 10.1177/1352458510375568.

[28]

Ghezzi A., Banwell B., Boyko A., et al. The management of multiple sclerosis in children: European view. Mult. Scler. 2010;16(10):1258-67. Doi: 10.1177/1352458510375568.

[29]

Tenembaum SN. Treatment of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica in children and adults. Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 2013;115(1):21-9. Doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.09.016.

[30]

Tenembaum S.N. Treatment of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica in children and adults. Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 2013;115(1):21-9. Doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.09.016.

[31]

Yeshokumar AK, Narula S, Banwell B. Pediatric multiple sclerosis. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 2017;30(3):216-21. Doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000452.

[32]

Yeshokumar A.K., Narula S., Banwell B. Pediatric multiple sclerosis. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 2017;30(3):216-21. Doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000452.

[33]

Kovalenko AV, Boiko EV, Bisaga BN, et al. Changes in the visual analyzer in multiple sclerosis. [Izmeneniya zritel’nogo analizatora pri rasseyannom skleroze]. St. Petersburg: VMedA; 2014. (in Russ.)

[34]

Коваленко А.В., Бойко Э.В., Бисага Б.Н. и др. Изменения зрительного анализатора при рассеянном склерозе. СПб.: ВМедА; 2014.

[35]

Khaibullin TI, Khabirov FA, Devlikamova FI, Babicheva NN. Pathogenetic heterogenity of multiple sclerosis: key for understanding of the disease clinical polymorphism and individualized therapy developing. Nevrologicheskii vestnik. 2010;42(1):54-65. (in Russ.)

[36]

Хайбуллин Т.И., Хабиров Ф.А., Девликамова Ф.И., Бабичева Н.Н. Патогенетическая гетерогенность рассеянного склероза: ключ к пониманию клинического полиморфизма заболевания и разработке индивидуализированной терапии. Неврологический вестник. 2010;42(1):54-65.

[37]

Barabanova MA, Ivanova EM, Stoyanova OV, et al. Neurological findings in multiple sclerosis. Kubanskii nauchnyi meditsinskii vestnik. 2012;134(5):107-10. (in Russ.)

[38]

Барабанова М.А., Иванова Е.М., Стоянова О.В. и др. Клинико-неврологические проявления рассеянного склероза. Кубанский научный медицинский вестник. 2012;134(5):107-10.

[39]

Howard J, Trevick S, Younger DS. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. Neurol. Clin. 2016;34(4):919-39. Doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2016.06.016.

[40]

Howard J., Trevick S., Younger D.S. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. Neurol. Clin. 2016;34(4):919-39. Doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2016.06.016.

[41]

Shmidt TE. Differential diagnosis of optic neuritis (review). Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2012;112(9): 5-9. (in Russ.)

[42]

Шмидт Т.Е. Дифференциальный диагноз оптического неврита (обзор литературы). Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2012;112(9):5-9.

[43]

Pula JH. Reder AT. Multiple sclerosis. Part I: neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. 2009;20(6):467-75. Doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e328331913b.

[44]

Pula J.H., Reder A.T. Multiple sclerosis. Part I: neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. 2009;20(6):467-75. Doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e328331913b.

[45]

Beisse C. Eye and multiple sclerosis. Ophthalmologe. 2014;111(8):708. Doi: 10.1007/s00347-013-2982-z.

[46]

Rostasy K, Reindl M. Role of autoantibodies in acquired inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in children. Neuropediatrics. 2013;44(6):297-301. Doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1358602.

[47]

Rostasy K., Reindl M. Role of autoantibodies in acquired inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in children. Neuropediatrics. 2013;44(6):297-301. Doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1358602.

[48]

Pohl D, Krone B, Rostasy K, et al. High seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr virus in children with multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. 2006;67(11):2063-5. Doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000247665.94088.8d.

[49]

Pohl D., Krone B., Rostasy K., et al. High seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr virus in children with multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. 2006;67(11):2063-5. Doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000247665.94088.8d.

[50]

Smirnov IE, Kucherenko AL, Shatilova NN, Kuzenkova LM. Diagnostic and pathogenetic significance of markers apoptosis in disseminated sclerosis in children. Pediatria. 2013;92(6):47-53. (in Russ.)

[51]

Смирнов И.Е., Кучеренко А.Л., Шатилова Н.Н., Кузенкова Л.М. Диагностическое и патогенетическое значение маркеров апоптоза при рассеянном склерозе у детей. Педиатрия. 2013;92(6):47-53.

[52]

Caprariello AV, Mangla S, Miller RH, Selkirk SM. Apoptosis of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous results in rapid focal demyelination. Ann. Neurol. 2012;72(3):395-405. Doi: 10.1002/ana.23606.

[53]

Caprariello A.V., Mangla S., Miller R.H., Selkirk S.M. Apoptosis of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous results in rapid focal demyelination. Ann. Neurol. 2012;72(3):395-405. Doi: 10.1002/ana.23606.

[54]

Rascol A, Clanet M. Multiple sclerosis from Charcot and Vulpian to the present time. Rev. Neurol. (Paris). 1982; 138(12):921-30. (in French)

[55]

Rascol A., Clanet M. Multiple sclerosis from Charcot and Vulpian to the present time. Rev. Neurol. (Paris). 1982;138(12):921-30. (in French)

[56]

Scholl GB, Song HS, Wray SH. Uhthoffs symptom in optic neuritis: relationship to magnetic resonance imaging and development of multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 1991;30(2):180-4. Doi: 10.1002/ana.410300209.

[57]

Scholl G.B., Song H.S., Wray S.H. Uhthoffs symptom in optic neuritis: relationship to magnetic resonance imaging and development of multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 1991;30(2): 180-4. Doi: 10.1002/ana.410300209.

[58]

Ignatova YuN, Smagina IV, Gridina AO, et al. Neuritis retrobulbaris of multiple sclerosis patients. Byulleten’ sibirskoi meditsiny. 2009;3(2):115-7. (in Russ.) Doi: 10.20538/1682-0363-2009-3(2)-115-117.

[59]

Игнатова Ю.Н., Смагина И.В., Гридина А.О., и др. Ретробульбарный неврит у больных рассеянным склерозом. Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2009;3(2):115-7. Doi: 10.20538/1682-0363-2009-3(2)-115-117.

[60]

Neroev VV, Zueva MV, Tsapenko IV, et al. Neurodegenerative retinal alterations in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and retrobulbar neuritis: structural and functional parallels. Rossiiskii oftal’mologicheskii zhurnal. 2012;5(4):63-8. (in Russ.)

[61]

Нероев В.В., Зуева М.В., Цапенко И.В., и др. Нейродегенеративные изменения в сетчатке у больных ремиттирующим рассеянным склерозом и ретробульбарным невритом: морфофункциональные параллели. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2012;5(4):63-8.

[62]

Nugumanova AM, Khamitova GKh. Features of optic neuritis as a symptom of multiple sclerosis (medical case). Prakticheskaya meditsina. 2013;70(1):99-100. (in Russ.)

[63]

Нугуманова А.М., Хамитова Г.Х. Особенности течения ретробульбарного неврита при рассеянном склерозе (клинический случай). Практическая медицина. 2013; 70(1):99-100.

[64]

Zolnikova IV, Chudin AV, Egorova IV. Multifocal visual evoked potentials in clinical diagnostics. Rossiiskii oftal’mologicheskii zhurnal. 2013;6(3):99-105. (in Russ.)

[65]

Зольникова И.В., Чудин А.В., Егорова И.В. Мультифокальные зрительные вызванные потенциалы в диагностической практике. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2013;6(3):99-105.

[66]

Laron M, Cheng H, Zhang B, et al.Comparison of multifocal visual evoked potential, standard automated perimetry and optical coherence tomography in assessing visual pathway in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult. Scler. 2010;16(4):412-26. Doi: 10.1177/1352458509359782.

[67]

Laron M., Cheng H., Zhang B., et al. Comparison of multifocal visual evoked potential, standard automated perimetry and optical coherence tomography in assessing visual pathway in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult. Scler. 2010;16(4):412-26. Doi: 10.1177/1352458509359782.

[68]

Narayanan D, Cheng H, Tang RA, Frishman LJ. Multifocal visual evoked potentials and contrast sensitivity correlate with ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in multiple sclerosis. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2019;130(1):180-8. Doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.10.007.

[69]

Narayanan D., Cheng H., Tang R.A., Frishman L.J. Multifocal visual evoked potentials and contrast sensitivity correlate with ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in multiple sclerosis. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2019;130(1):180-8. Doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.10.007.

[70]

Till C, Ghassemi R, Aubert-Broche B, et al. MRI correlates of cognitive impairment in childhood-onset multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychology. 2011;25(3):319-32. Doi: 10.1037/a0022051.

[71]

Till C., Ghassemi R., Aubert-Broche B. et al. MRI correlates of cognitive impairment in childhood-onset multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychology. 2011;25(3):319-32. Doi: 10.1037/a0022051.

[72]

Kachan T, Marchanka L, Fedulov A, Dalidovich A. Diagnosis of optic neuropathy in patients with multiple sclerosis by means of scanning laser polarimetry and optical coherence tomography. Oftal’mologiya. Vostochnaya Evropa. 2015;24(1):51-8. (in Russ.)

[73]

Качан Т.В., Марченко Л.Н., Федулов А.С., Далидович А.А. Диагностическая значимость выявления оптиконейропатии у пациентов с рассеянным склерозом с помощью сканирующей лазерной поляриметрии и оптической когерентной томографии. Офтальмология. Восточная Европа. 2015;24(1):51-8.

[74]

Hanson JV, Lukas SC, Pless M, Schippling S. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis. Semin. Neurol. 2016;36(2):177-84. Doi: 10,1055/с-0036-1582226.

[75]

Hanson J.V., Lukas S.C., Pless M., Schippling S. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis. Semin. Neurol. 2016;36(2):177-84. Doi: 10.1055/с-0036-1582226.

[76]

Britze J, Frederiksen JL. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis. Eye (Lond.). 2018;32(5):884-8. Doi: 10.1038/s41433-017-0010.

[77]

Britze J., Frederiksen J.L. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis. Eye (Lond.). 2018;32(5):884-8. Doi: 10.1038/s41433-017-0010.

[78]

Höh AE, Beisse C. Oculomotor system and multiple sclerosis. Ophthalmologe. 2014;111(8):727-32. (in German) Doi: 10.1007/s00347-013-2985-9.

[79]

Höh A.E., Beisse C. Oculomotor system and multiple sclerosis. Ophthalmologe. 2014;111(8):727-32. (in German) Doi: 10.1007/s00347-013-2985-9.

[80]

Surakka J, Ruutiainen J, Romberg A, et al. Pupillary function in early multiple sclerosis. Clin. Auton. Res. 2008;18(3):150-4. Doi: 10.1007/s10286-008-0471-2.

[81]

Surakka J., Ruutiainen J., Romberg A., et al.Pupillary function in early multiple sclerosis. Clin. Auton. Res. 2008;18(3):150-4. Doi: 10.1007/s10286-008-0471-2.

[82]

Rodez Benavent SA, Nygaard GO, Harbo HF, et al. Fatigue and cognition: pupillary responses to problem-solving in early multiple sclerosis patients. Brain Behav. 2017;7(7):e00717. Doi: 10.1002/brb3.717.

[83]

Rodez Benavent S.A, Nygaard G.O., Harbo H.F., et al. Fatigue and cognition: pupillary responses to problem-solving in early multiple sclerosis patients. Brain Behav. 2017;7(7):e00717. Doi: 10.1002/brb3.717.

[84]

Kuchina NV, Yakushina TI, Kotov SV. Assessment of color vision for diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of multiple sclerosis. Al’manakh klinicheskoi meditsiny. 2015;(36):47-52.(in Russ.) Doi: 10.18786/2072-0505-2015-36-47-52.

[85]

Кучина Н.В., Якушина Т.И., Котов С.В. и др. Исследование цветового зрения для диагностики и динамического наблюдения при рассеянном склерозе. Альманах клинической медицины. 2015;(36):47-52. Doi: 10.18786/2072-0505-2015-36-47-52.

[86]

Yuksel B, Dogan B, Koctekin B, et al. Color vision testing versus pattern visual evoked potentials and optical coherence tomography parameters in subclinical optic nerve involvement in multiple sclerosis. J. Clin. Neurosci. 2019;61:48-53. Doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.11.011.

[87]

Yuksel B., Dogan B., Koctekin B., et al. Color vision testing versus pattern visual evoked potentials and optical coherence tomography parameters in subclinical optic nerve involvement in multiple sclerosis. J. Clin. Neurosci. 2019;61:48-53. Doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.11.011.

[88]

Anssari N, Vosoughi R, Mullen K, Mansouri B. Selective colour vision deficits in multiple sclerosis at different temporal stages. Neuroophthalmology. 2019;44(1):16-23. Doi: 10.1080/01658107.2019.1615960.

[89]

Anssari N., Vosoughi R., Mullen K., Mansouri B. Selective colour vision deficits in multiple sclerosis at different temporal stages. Neuroophthalmology. 2019;44(1):16-23. Doi: 10.1080/01658107.2019.1615960.

[90]

Lampert EJ, Andorra M, Torres-Torres R, et al. Color vision impairment in multiple sclerosis points to retinal ganglion cell damage. J. Neurol. 2015;262(11):2491-7. Doi: 10.1007/s00415-015-7876-3.

[91]

Lampert E.J., Andorra M., Torres-Torres R., et al. Color vision impairment in multiple sclerosis points to retinal ganglion cell damage. J. Neurol. 2015;262(11):2491-7. Doi: 10.1007/s00415-015-7876-3.

[92]

Rothman A, Murphy OC, Fitzgerald KC, et al. Retinal measurements predict 10-year disability in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol. 2019;6(2):222-32. Doi: 10.1002/acn3.674.

[93]

Rothman A., Murphy O.C., Fitzgerald K.C., et al. Retinal measurements predict 10-year disability in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol. 2019;6(2):222-32. Doi: 10.1002/acn3.674.

[94]

Green AJ, McQuaid S, Hauser SL, et al. Ocular pathology in multiple sclerosis: retinal atrophy and inflammation irrespective of disease duration. Brain. 2010;133(Pt 6):1591-601. Doi: 10.1093/brain/awq080.

[95]

Green A.J., McQuaid S., Hauser S.L., et al.Ocular pathology in multiple sclerosis: retinal atrophy and inflammation irrespective of disease duration. Brain. 2010;133(Pt 6):1591-601. Doi: 10.1093/brain/awq080.

[96]

Balk LJ, Coric D, Nij Bijvank JA, et al. Retinal atrophy in relation to visual functioning and vision-related quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 2018;24(6):767-76. Doi: 10.1177/1352458517708463.

[97]

Balk L.J., Coric D., Nij Bijvank J.A., et al. Retinal atrophy in relation to visual functioning and vision-related quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 2018;24(6):767-76. Doi: 10.1177/1352458517708463.

[98]

Grecescu MJ. Optical coherence tomography versus visual evoked potentials in detecting subclinical visual impairment in multiple sclerosis. J. Med. Life. 2014;7(4):538-41.

[99]

Grecescu M.J. Optical coherence tomography versus visual evoked potentials in detecting subclinical visual impairment in multiple sclerosis. J. Med. Life. 2014;7(4):538-41.

[100]

Saidha S, Syc SB, Durbin MK, et al. Visual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis correlates better with optical coherence tomography derived estimates of macular ganglion cell layer thickness than peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Mult. Scler. 2011;17(12):1449-63. Doi: 10.1177/1352458511418630.

[101]

Saidha S., Syc S.B., Durbin M.K., et al. Visual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis correlates better with optical coherence tomography derived estimates of macular ganglion cell layer thickness than peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Mult. Scler. 2011;17(12):1449-63. Doi: 10.1177/1352458511418630.

[102]

Saidha S, Syc SB, Ibrahim MA, et al. Primary retinal pathology in multiple sclerosis as detected by optical coherence tomography. Brain. 2011;134(2):518-33. Doi: 10.1093/brain/awq346.

[103]

Saidha S., Syc S.B., Ibrahim M.A., et al. Primary retinal pathology in multiple sclerosis as detected by optical coherence tomography. Brain. 2011;134(2):518-33. Doi: 10.1093/brain/awq346.

[104]

Kolbe S, Chapman C, Nguyen T, et al. Optic nerve diffusion changes and atrophy jointly predict visual dysfunction after optic neuritis. Neuroimage. 2009;45(3):679-86. Doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.047.

[105]

Kolbe S., Chapman C., Nguyen T., et al. Optic nerve diffusion changes and atrophy jointly predict visual dysfunction after optic neuritis. Neuroimage. 2009;45(3):679-86. Doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.047.

[106]

Klistorner A, Chaganti J, Garrick R, et al. Magnetisation transfer ratio in optic neuritis is associated with axonal loss, but not with demyelination. Neuroimage. 2011;56(1):21-6. Doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.041.

[107]

Klistorner A., Chaganti J., Garrick R., et al. Magnetisation transfer ratio in optic neuritis is associated with axonal loss, but not with demyelination. Neuroimage. 2011;56(1):21-6. Doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.041.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector

AI Summary AI Mindmap
PDF

83

Accesses

0

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

AI思维导图

/