Comorbidity of periodontal diseases and atopic dermatitis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The relationship between periodontal diseases and somatic pathology has been proven. Studies on the link between periodontal and atopic diseases are few, which determines the relevance of this study.

AIM: To characterize the relationship between inflammatory periodontal diseases and atopic dermatitis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall, 26,470 full-text publications from 2016 to 2023 on the research topic were found in the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY.RU.

RESULTS: An analysis of literature data was performed to study the relationship between inflammatory periodontal diseases and atopic dermatitis. On the one hand, the presence of oral pathology in patients with atopic diseases can lead to atopic disease worsening, and on the other hand, an atopic disease can contribute to the development of oral diseases. After conducting a literature search and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the sample, complete overlap of the research topics was found in three publications. The data obtained were contradictory, as two publications established a direct connection between periodontitis and atopic dermatitis and one publication did not. In studies on the research topic on certain aspects, the possible mechanisms of comorbidity of periodontal and atopic diseases are characterized and assessments on the existence of a feedback or direct relationship between these pathologies are presented.

CONCLUSION: The periodontal status of patients with atopic dermatitis remains poorly understood, and evidence linking oral diseases to it is ambiguous. The presented studies relatively confirmed the direct connection between periodontal diseases and atopic dermatitis; however, the hygiene hypothesis, that is, there is an inverse relationship between periodontal diseases and atopic diseases, was not confirmed.

Keywords

inflammatory periodontal diseases / atopic diseases / periodontitis / atopic dermatitis

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