Analysis of the efficiency of sound impact on the system of canals of the tooth root: A laboratory study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The treatment of chronic apical periodontitis is directly related to the successful impact on the biofilm in the root canal system. Despite recent advances in understanding the effects of bacterial biofilm, there are still many questions concerning bacterial inactivation, and more research in these areas is needed.

AIM: To investigate approaches to improve the effectiveness of treating chronic apical periodontitis by combining an antimicrobial drug with sound activation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The biological material of 40 teeth was obtained as a result of removal according to guidelines to create a model of the process of obturation of a tooth’s root canal with a calcium hydroxide paste. In the main group, we used the EndoActivator (Dentsply Sirona, USA) system intracanally after introducing the resultant paste with the help of canal filler. The root canal filling was performed using canal filler in the comparison control group. The filling was assessed using a radiovisiograph (Schick Technologies Inc., USA), and the filling of macrocanal and microcanal of the tooth root was examined using a scanning electron microscope.

RESULTS: The average score per tooth in the main group was 0.5 points/tooth. The average score per tooth in the control group was 2.05 points/tooth, which was significantly higher than in the main group (p <0.001). A comparison of the proportions of teeth with a certain number of points recorded in the compared groups revealed that teeth with a score of “0” (80%) predominated in the main group, whereas the proportion of such teeth in the control group was 15%; the differences are statistically significant (p <0.001). The data showed that the effectiveness of the root canal filling method with the canal filler and activation of the EndoActivator system resulted in the least complications.

CONCLUSION: The use of sonic vibrations of the EndoActivator system causes a dynamic movement of the material in the root canal, aimed at improving its flow and distribution into the dentinal tubules, and contributes to the uniform homogeneity of the filling material in the lumen of the root canal and the absence of voids between the root filling and the walls of the root canal of the tooth.

Keywords

biofilm / chronic apical periodontitis / root canal / sound activation

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