Frequency of galvanic pair detection of metal structures in the mouth in the absence of galvanic syndrome and pathological changes in the oral mucosa

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Currently, numerous metal structures are used in dentistry, such as implants, pins, dentures, etc. These structures are often made of various metals and metal alloys with different electrochemical potentials. This circumstance can lead to the appearance of a galvanic cell, consisting of metal structures. In the existing literature, no data reveal the frequency of the detection of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth in the absence of galvanic syndrome and oral mucosal diseases.

AIM: To examine the detection frequency of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth in the absence of galvanic syndrome and pathological changes in the oral mucosa.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey of 133 patients aged 33–87 years was conducted to detect the presence of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth. All patients do not have galvanic syndrome and pathological changes in the oral mucosa. The patients were divided into four age groups: 33–44 years old (n = 33), 45–59 years old (n = 35), 60–74 years old (n = 35), and 75–87 years old (n = 30). Electrochemical potentials of metal structures in the mouth were determined according to the method developed at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the E. V. Borovsky Institute of Dentistry of the First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov (Sechenov University). An electrode made of 999 gold was used as an active indicator electrode, which was used to touch metal structures in the mouth during the study. An EHP-1 silver chloride electrode was used as a passive reference electrode. A Fluke 115 multimeter was used as a measuring device.

RESULTS: In the group aged 33–44 years, galvanic pairs were found in 18%, and they had 5.2 ± 2.1 metal structures. The group aged 45–59 years had 7.4 ± 3.5 metal structures in the mouth, and 23% of the participants had galvanic vapors in the oral cavity. In the group aged 60–74 years, 26% had galvanic vapors in the oral cavity. In this group, the maximum number of metal structures in the mouth was 7.9 ± 4.1. In the group aged 75–87 years, 20% had galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth, and they had 5.9 ± 1.8 metal structures in the oral cavity.

CONCLUSION: Galvanic pairs of metal structures in the oral cavity were found is 18–26% of the participants in different age groups. The share is associated not so much with age but to a greater extent with the number of metal structures in the oral cavity. With the increased number of metal structures, the probability of the appearance of a galvanic pair in the mouth, formed by metal structures with different electrochemical potentials, increases.

Keywords

electrochemical potential / metal constructions / galvanic couples / galvanic cells

References

[1] Makeeva IM, Volkov AG, Dikopova NZh, Makarenko NV. Improvement of electrochemical potentials as one of the reasons for the outcome of the pathological processes of the multiple shell of the mouth. Conference Proceedings: Sovremennaya meditsina: novye podkhody i aktual’nye issledovaniya, posvyashchennoi 80-letiyu Chechenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta; 26–27 September 2018; Groznyi: Chechen State University. (In Russ).

[2] Макеева И.М., Волков А.Г., Дикопова Н.Ж., Макаренко Н.В. Повышение электрохимических потенциалов как одна из причин возникновения патологических процессов слизистой оболочки рта / Сборник материалов Международной научно-практической конференции «Современная медицина: новые подходы и актуальные исследования», посвященной 80-летию Чеченского государственного университета; 26–27 сентября 2018; Грозный: ФГБОУ ВО Чеченский государственный университет.

[3] Makeeva IM, Volkov AG, Dikopova NZh, Makarenko NV. The determination of electrochemical potentials in the oral cavity, as a way to diagnose galvanic syndrome, which contributes to the development of diseases of the mucous membrane. Head and neck. 2018;6(1):42–45. doi: 10.25792/HN.2018.6.1.42–45

[4] Макеева И.М., Волков А.Г., Дикопова Н.Ж., Макаренко Н.В. Определение электрохимических потенциалов в полости рта как способ диагностики гальванического синдрома, способствующего развитию заболеваний слизистой оболочки // Голова и шея. 2018. Т. 6, № 1. С. 42–45. doi: 10.25792/HN.2018.6.1.42-45

[5] Makeeva IM, Volkov AG, Arakelyan MG, Makarenko NV. Factors aggravating symptoms of xerostomia. Dentistry. 2017;96(1):25–27. doi: 10.17116/stomat201796125-27

[6] Макеева И.М., Волков А.Г., Аракелян М.Г., Макаренко Н.В. Факторы, отягощающие проявления ксеростомии // Стоматология. 2017. Т. 96, № 1. С. 25–27. doi: 10.17116/stomat201796125-27

[7] Dikopova NZ, Volkov AG, Arakelyan MG, et al. The study of the electrochemical potentials of metal structures in the oral cavity in diseases of the oral mucosa. New Armenian Medical Journal. 2020;14(1):54–58.

[8] Dikopova N.Z., Volkov A.G., Arakelyan M.G., et al. The study of the electrochemical potentials of metal structures in the oral cavity in diseases of the oral mucosa // New Armenian Medical Journal. 2020. Vol. 14, No. 1. P. 54–58.

[9] Volkov AG, Dikopova NJ, Amanatidi GE, et al. The results of the frequency of detection of galvanic couple of metal structures in of the oral mucosal diseases. Medical alphabet. 2022;(7):27–30. (In Russ). doi: 10.33667/2078-5631-2022-7-27-30

[10] Волков А.Г., Дикопова Н.Ж., Аманатиди Г.Е., и др. Результаты частоты обнаружения гальванических пар металлических конструкций при заболеваниях слизистой оболочки // Медицинский алфавит. 2022. № 7. С. 27–30. doi: 10.33667/2078-5631-2022-7-27-30

[11] Mikhaleva IN, Volkov AG, Dikopova NJ, et al. Opredelenie elektrokhimicheskikh potentsialov metallicheskikh konstruktsii pri razlichnykh zabolevaniyakh slizistoi obolochki rta. Rossiiskaya stomatologiya. 2022;15(2):61–62.

[12] Михалёва И.Н., Волков А.Г., Дикопова Н.Ж., и др. Определение электрохимических потенциалов металлических конструкций при различных заболеваниях слизистой оболочки рта // Российская стоматология. 2022. Т. 15, № 2. С. 61–62.

[13] Volkov AG, Dikopova NZ, Amanatidi GE, et al. Methods of determining the electrochemical potentials of metal structures in the oral cavity. Medical alphabet. 2022;(22):27–31. (In Russ). doi: 10.33667/2078-5631-2022-22-27-31

[14] Волков А.Г., Дикопова Н.Ж., Аманатиди Г.Е., и др. Способы определения электрохимических потенциалов металлических конструкций, находящихся во рту // Медицинский алфавит. 2022. № 22. С. 27–31. doi: 10.33667/2078-5631-2022-22-27-31

[15] Makeeva IM, Volkov AG, Dikopova NJ, et al. Galvanic metal constructive pairs in diseases of the oral mucosa [handbook]. Moscоw: GEOTAR-Media; 2023. (In Russ). ISBN 978-5-9704-7502-7. doi: 10.33029/9704-7502-7-GALP-2023-1-64

[16] Макеева И.М., Волков А.Г., Дикопова Н.Ж. и др. Гальванические пары металлических конструкций при заболеваниях слизистой оболочки рта: учебное пособие. М. ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2023. doi: 10.33029/9704-7502-7-GALP-2023-1-64

[17] Utility model patent RUS N 214859 U1, IPC A61B 5/0533, A61B 5/0534, A61C 19/04. Makeeva IM, Volkov AG, Dikopova NZh. Device for measuring electrochemical potentials in the oral cavity: N 2022118996. Application 12.07.2022. Publ. 17.11.2022. Applicant: I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. (In Russ).

[18] Макеева И.М., Волков А.Г., Дикопова Н.Ж., и др. Патент на полезную модель № 214859 U1, МПК A61B 5/0533, A61B 5/0534, A61C 19/04. Российская Федерация. Устройство для измерения электрохимических потенциалов в полости рта: № 2022118996. Заявл. 12.07.2022. Опубл. 17.11.2022. Заявитель: Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет).

[19] Certificate of state registration of the computer program RUS No. 2020618575. The program for ensuring the operation of the apparatus for determining electrochemical potentials in the oral cavity: N 2020617843. Application. 07/24/2020. Publ. 30.07.2020. Applicant — I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. (In Russ).

[20] Свидетельство о государственной регистрации программы для ЭВМ № 2020618575. Российская Федерация. Заявл. 24.07.2020. Программа для обеспечения работы аппарата определения электрохимических потенциалов в полости рта: № 2020617843. Опубл. 30.07.2020. Заявитель: Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет).

Funding

Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда проектThis study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation project(проект № 22-25-00796)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector