Experimental and clinical study of the concentrations of chemical elements in oral fluid from prostheses and implants

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Electrochemical reactions can occur in the mouth of patients with prostheses made of metal alloys. The phenomena of galvanism reflect the hidden process of corrosion of structural alloys in oral fluid, which makes it necessary to analyze the chemical contents of prostheses under clinical conditions in patients with implants and experimental conditions.

AIM: Comparative analysis of the trace element content in the oral fluid from prostheses in implants in the clinic and an experiment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: National Research Technological University “MISIS” analyzed artificial saliva after prostheses were in contact with grade 4 and grade 5 implants for 3 months. Titanium, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, nickel, and iron were determined by spectrometry. The same chemical elements were analyzed using an identical spectrometric method in 32 patients with fixed dentures on implants.

RESULTS: Under the experimental conditions, nine trace elements were found in the container around one grade 4 implant with a crown, including titanium (0.4 µg/l), cobalt (3.8 µg/l), chromium (0.5 µg/l), aluminum (2.6 µg/l), vanadium (<0.6 µg/l), molybdenum (1.5 µg/l), tungsten (3.0 µg/l), manganese (0.9 µg/l), nickel (0.5 µg/l), and iron (<0.6 µg/l). The grade 5 implant was characterized by a greater degree of diffusion of aluminum, nickel, and manganese into artificial saliva. Mass spectrometry of the oral fluid in patients with dental implants revealed more trace elements than experimental data. The difference in the concentration of microelements from the prostheses under clinical conditions and in the experiment ranged from 0 to 128 times the minimum.

CONCLUSION: Fixing experimental prostheses on implants for 3 months in artificial saliva was accompanied by the diffusion of microelements from the prostheses and implants into the environment, particularly cobalt, aluminum, and vanadium. Prostheses on implants with a lower titanium content are characterized by a greater degree of diffusion of aluminum, cobalt, nickel, and manganese. More significant diffusion of microelements occurred from the prostheses into the saliva under clinical conditions, according to the spectrometric data.

Keywords

implants / crowns / trace elements / diffusion / mass spectrometry / experiment / clinical conditions

References

[1] Lebedenko IYu, Arutyunov SD, Ryakhovsky AN, editors. Orthopedic dentistry: national leadership. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2022. 520 p. (In Russ).

[2] Ортопедическая стоматология: национальное руководство / под ред. И.Ю. Лебеденко, С.Д. Арутюнова, А.Н. Ряховского. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2022. 520 с.

[3] Kulakov AA, editor. Dental implantation: national leadership. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2018. 400 p. (In Russ).

[4] Дентальная имплантация: национальное руководство / под ред. А.А. Кулакова. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2018. 400 с.

[5] Makeeva IM, Volkov AG, Dikopova NZh, Makarenko NV. The determination of electrochemical potentials in the oral cavity, as a way to diagnose galvanic syndrome, which contributes to the development of diseases of the mucous membrane. Head and Neck. Russian Journal. 2018;6(1):42–45. (In Russ). doi: 10.25792/HN.2018.6.1.42-45

[6] Макеева И.М., Волков А.Г., Дикопова Н.Ж., Макаренко Н.В. Определение электрохимических потенциалов в полости рта, как способ диагностики гальванического синдрома, способствующего развитию заболеваний слизистой оболочки // Голова и шея. 2018. Т. 6, № 1. С. 42–45. doi: 10.25792/HN.2018.6.1.42-45

[7] Manin OI, Otyrba RD, Prokopova MA. The study of galvanic phenomena in patients with oral candidiasis. Proceedings of the 7th International Scientific and Practical Conference “Stomatologiya slavyanskikh gosudarstv”. Belgorod; 2014. P:248–250. (In Russ).

[8] Манин О.И., Отырба Р.Д., Прокопова М.А. Изучение гальванических явлений у пациентов с кандидозом полости рта // Стоматология славянских государств: труды VII Международной научно-практической конференции. Белгород, 2014. С. 248–250.

[9] Musheev IU. Experimental electrochemical characteristics of titanium implants and prostheses. Materials of the 5th All-Russian scientific and practical conference “Obrazovaniye, nauka i praktika v stomatologii” on the united topic “Implantology in dentistry”. Moscow; 2008. P:71–73. (In Russ).

[10] Мушеев И.У. Экспериментальные электрохимические характеристики титановых имплантатов и протезов // Образование, наука и практика в стоматологии: материалы V Всероссийской научно-практической конференции по объединенной тематике «Имплантология в стоматологии». Москва, 2008. С. 71–73.

[11] Ragulin AV, Sereda AE, Olesov EE, et al. The content of microelements in the oral fluid of users with fixed prostheses on implants. Russian Bulletin of Dental Implantology. 2022;55-56(1-2):72–77. (In Russ).

[12] Рагулин А.В., Середа А.Е., Олесов Е.Е., и др. Содержание микроэлементов в ротовой жидкости у пользователей несъемными протезами на имплантатах // Российский вестник дентальной имплантологии. 2022. Т. 55-56, № 1-2. С. 72–77.

[13] Ragulin AV, Kurnikov AV, Kashchenko PV, et al. Detection of structural microelements of dentures in the oral fluid. Conference materials “Il’inskiye chteniya”. Moscow; 2022. P:208–209. (In Russ).

[14] Рагулин А.В., Курников А.В., Кащенко П.В., и др. Выявляемость конструкционных микроэлементов зубных протезов в ротовой жидкости // Ильинские чтения: материалы конференции. Москва, 2022. С. 208–209.

[15] Ragulin AV, Sereda AE, Kairbekov RD. Analysis of trace elements of the chemical composition of implants and metal-ceramic prostheses in the oral fluid. Proceedings of the III Scientific and Practical Conference of Young Scientists with International Participation. Moscow; 2022. P:3–5. (In Russ).

[16] Рагулин А.В., Середа А.Е., Каирбеков Р.Д. Анализ микроэлементов химического состава имплантатов и металлокерамических протезов в ротовой жидкости // Материалы III научно-практической конференции молодых ученых с международным участием. Москва, 2022. С. 3–5.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector