Analyzing the efficacy of various treatment options for patients with oral mucosal hyperkeratosis

Abstract

Diseases of the oral mucosa (COR), characterized by a violation of its cornea, constitute a vast group among the variety of diseases of COR, of particular interest is a separate group called — hyperkeratosis of the oral mucosa. Current treatment protocols include a variety of therapeutic and surgical methodologies and principles, with surgical excision of the lesion being the primary treatment measure. However, surgical treatments are often associated with increased risks of pain, swelling, bleeding and, recurrence of malignancy.

The aim of this review was to identify the optimal treatment option for oral mucosal leukoplakia. The current review included all studies focusing on the treatment of oral mucosal leukoplakia and published between 2016 and 2021.

The findings of this study showed that laser surgical treatment of oral mucosal verrucous leukoplakia resulted in statistically significant advantages in the intra- and postoperative periods.

Keywords

laser dentistry / pre-cancers of the oral mucosa / leukoplakia of the oral mucosa / laser treatment / oral surgery

References

[1] Dmitrieva LA. Therapeutic dentistry. Moscow: GOETAR-Media; 2019. (In Russ).

[2] Дмитриева Л.А. Терапевтическая стоматология. М.: ГОЭТАР-Медиа, 2019.

[3] Singh S, Gupta V, Vij R, et al. Evaluation of mast cells in oral premalignant and malignant lesions: A histochemical study. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2018;9(2):184–190. doi: 10.4103/njms.NJMS_49_17

[4] Singh S., Gupta V., Vij R., et al. Evaluation of mast cells in oral premalignant and malignant lesions: A histochemical study // Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2018. Vol. 9, N 2. P. 184–190. doi: 10.4103/njms.NJMS_49_17

[5] Axell T. A prevalence study of oral mucosal lesions in an adult Swedish population. Odontol Revy Suppl. 1976;36:1–103.

[6] Axell T. A prevalence study of oral mucosal lesions in an adult Swedish population // Odontol Revy Suppl. 1976. Vol. 36. P. 1–103.

[7] Warnakulasuriya S, Johnson NW, van der Waal I. Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007;36(10):575–580. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00582.x

[8] Warnakulasuriya S., Johnson N.W., van der Waal I. Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa // J Oral Pathol Med. 2007. Vol. 36, N 10. P. 575–580. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00582.x

[9] Gupta PC, Mehta FS, Daftary DK, et al. Incidence rates of oral cancer and natural history of oral precancerous lesions in a 10-year follow-up study of Indian villagers. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1980;8(6):283–333. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1980.tb01302.x

[10] Gupta P.C., Mehta F.S., Daftary D.K., et al. Incidence rates of oral cancer and natural history of oral precancerous lesions in a 10-year follow-up study of Indian villagers // Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1980. Vol. 8, N 6. P. 283–333. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1980.tb01302.x

[11] Petti S. Pooled estimate of world leukoplakia prevalence: a systematic review. Oral Oncol. 2003;39(8):770–780. doi: 10.1016/s1368-8375(03)00102-7

[12] Petti S. Pooled estimate of world leukoplakia prevalence: a systematic review // Oral Oncol. 2003. Vol. 39, N 8. P. 770–780. doi: 10.1016/s1368-8375(03)00102-7

[13] Carrard VC, Van der Waal I. A clinical diagnosis of oral leukoplakia; a guide for dentists. Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia buccal. 2018;23(1):e59–e64.

[14] Carrard V.C., Van der Waal I. A clinical diagnosis of oral leukoplakia; a guide for dentists // Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia buccal. 2018. Т. 23, № 1. e59–e64.

[15] Kharma MY, Tarakji B. Current evidence in diagnosis and treatment of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Ann Saudi Med. 2012;32(4):412–414. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2012.412

[16] Kharma M.Y., Tarakji B. Current evidence in diagnosis and treatment of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia // Ann Saudi Med. 2012. Vol. 32, N 4. P. 412–414. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2012.412

[17] Gupta RK, Rani N, Joshi B. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia misdiagnosed as oral leukoplakia. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. 2017;21(6):499.

[18] Gupta R.K., Rani, N., Joshi, B. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia misdiagnosed as oral leukoplakia // Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. 2017. T. 21, № 6. С. 499.

[19] Warnakulasuriya S, Ariyawardana A. Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: a systematic review of observational studies. J Oral Pathol Med. 2016;45(3):155–166. doi: 10.1111/jop.12339

[20] Warnakulasuriya S., Ariyawardana A. Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: a systematic review of observational studies // J Oral Pathol Med. 2016. Vol. 45, N 3. P. 155–166. doi: 10.1111/jop.12339

[21] Munde A, Karle R. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: An update. J Cancer Res Ther. 2016;12(2):469–473. doi: 10.4103/0973-1482.151443

[22] Munde A., Karle R. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: An update // J Cancer Res Ther. 2016. Vol. 12, N 2. P. 469–473. doi: 10.4103/0973-1482.151443

[23] Lodi G, Franchini R, Warnakulasuriya S, et al. Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;7:CD001829. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001829.pub4

[24] Lodi G., Franchini R., Warnakulasuriya S., et al. Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. Vol. 7. P. CD001829. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001829.pub4

[25] Sundberg J, Korytowska M, Holmberg E, et al. Recurrence rates after surgical removal of oral leukoplakia-A prospective longitudinal multi-centre study. PLoS One. 2019;14(12):e0225682. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225682

[26] Sundberg J., Korytowska M., Holmberg E., et al. Recurrence rates after surgical removal of oral leukoplakia-A prospective longitudinal multi-centre study // PLoS One. 2019. Vol. 14, N 12. P. e0225682. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225682

[27] Bezrukov AA, Semkin VA. Khirurgicheskoe lechenie patsientov s leykoplakiey slizistoy obolochki rta. Stomatologiya. 2016;95(5):53–60.

[28] Безруков А.А., Сёмкин В.А. Хирургическое лечение пациентов с лейкоплакией слизистой оболочки рта // стоматология. 2016. Т. 95, № 5. С. 53–60.

[29] Romano A, Di Stasio D, Gentile E, et al. The potential role of Photodynamic therapy in oral premalignant and malignant lesions: A systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med. 2021;50(4):333–344. doi: 10.1111/jop.13139

[30] Romano A., Di Stasio D., Gentile E., et al. The potential role of Photodynamic therapy in oral premalignant and malignant lesions: A systematic review // J Oral Pathol Med. 2021. Vol. 50, N 4. P. 333–344. doi: 10.1111/jop.13139

[31] Gabric D, Brailo V, Ivek A, et al. Evaluation of Innovative Digitally Controlled Er:Yag Laser in Surgical Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia – a Preliminary Study. Acta Clin Croat. 2019;58(4):615–620. doi: 10.20471/acc.2019.58.04.07

[32] Gabric D., Brailo V., Ivek A., et al. Evaluation of Innovative Digitally Controlled Er:Yag Laser in Surgical Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia – a Preliminary Study // Acta Clin Croat. 2019. Vol. 58, N 4. P. 615–620. doi: 10.20471/acc.2019.58.04.07

[33] Matulic N, Bago I, Susic M, et al. Comparison of Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG Laser in the Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia Lesions Refractory to the Local Retinoid Therapy. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2019;37(6):362–368. doi: 10.1089/photob.2018.4560

[34] Matulic N., Bago I., Susic M., et al. Comparison of Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG Laser in the Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia Lesions Refractory to the Local Retinoid Therapy // Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2019. Vol. 37, N 6. P. 362–368. doi: 10.1089/photob.2018.4560

[35] Arduino PG, Cafaro A, Cabras M, et al. Treatment Outcome of Oral Leukoplakia with Er:YAG Laser: A 5-Year Follow-Up Prospective Comparative Study. Photomed Laser Surg. 2018;36(12):631–633. doi: 10.1089/pho.2018.4491

[36] Arduino P.G., Cafaro A., Cabras M., et al. Treatment Outcome of Oral Leukoplakia with Er:YAG Laser: A 5-Year Follow-Up Prospective Comparative Study // Photomed Laser Surg. 2018. Vol. 36, N 12. P. 631–633. doi: 10.1089/pho.2018.4491

[37] Arora KS, Bansal R, Mohapatra S, et al. Prevention of malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus using laser: An observational study. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP. 2018;19(12):3635.

[38] Arora K.S., Bansal R., Mohapatra S., et al. Prevention of malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus using laser: An observational study // Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP. 2018. Vol. 19, N 12. P. 3635.

[39] Natekar M, Raghuveer HP, Rayapati DK, et al. A comparative evaluation: Oral leukoplakia surgical management using diode laser, CO2 laser, and cryosurgery. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;9(6):e779–e784. doi: 10.4317/jced.53602

[40] Natekar M., Raghuveer H.P., Rayapati D.K., et al. A comparative evaluation: Oral leukoplakia surgical management using diode laser, CO2 laser, and cryosurgery // J Clin Exp Dent. 2017. Vol. 9, N 6. P. e779–e784. doi: 10.4317/jced.53602

[41] Tuchin VV. Lasers and fiber optics in biomedical research. 2nd ed., rev. and add. M.: FIZMATLIT; 2010.

[42] Тучин В.В. Лазеры и волоконная оптика в биомедицинских исследованиях. 2-е изд., испр. и доп. М.: ФИЗМАТЛИТ, 2010.

[43] Foy JP, Bertolus C, William WN, Jr., Saintigny P. Oral premalignancy: the roles of early detection and chemoprevention. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2013;46(4):579–597. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2013.04.010

[44] Foy J.P., Bertolus C., William W.N., Jr., Saintigny P. Oral premalignancy: the roles of early detection and chemoprevention // Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2013. Vol. 46, N 4. P. 579–597. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2013.04.010

[45] Chen HM, Cheng SJ, Lin HP, et al. Cryogun cryotherapy for oral leukoplakia and adjacent melanosis lesions. J Oral Pathol Med. 2015;44(8):607–613. doi: 10.1111/jop.12287

[46] Chen H.M., Cheng S.J., Lin H.P., et al. Cryogun cryotherapy for oral leukoplakia and adjacent melanosis lesions // J Oral Pathol Med. 2015. Vol. 44, N 8. P. 607–613. doi: 10.1111/jop.12287

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector