Microstructural analysis of the surface of implants removed in connection with periimplantitis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The practice of prosthetics on implants shows a fairly high percentage of removed implants over the specified period. The reasons can be both insufficient hygiene of the tissues around the implants and their overload. Regardless of the cause, bone resorption occurs from the apex of the alveolar ridge (part) of the jaw deep into contact with the implant in combination with chronic inflammation of the periimplant soft tissues. Removal of the implant in such cases is indicated for bone resorption at half the length of the implant. Microstructural analysis of the surface of implants is rarely reflected in publications, since high-resolution microscopy is only possible for removed implants.

AIM: Microscopy and spectrometry of the surface of implants removed for periimplantitis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The surface analysis of the five implants removed due to periimplantitis was carried out by scanning electron microscopy in high vacuum mode with electron probe microprobe analysis of the elemental composition. A FEI Teneo VolumeScope single-beam scanning electron microscope with a detector was used to perform XFlash 6/30 energy dispersive analysis. The research was carried out in the Skolkovo Technopark.

RESULTS: The performed microscopic and spectrometric analysis, accompanied by micrographs and spectrograms of the cervical part of the implant in the area of bone tissue conservation, the presence of connective tissue and in the area of the exposed surface of the implant, demonstrate the process of disintegration of the implant due to periimplantitis, which consists in demineralization and resorption of bone tissue (in places up to the surface of the implant, in places with through defects to the surface of the implant) and its replacement with connective tissue.

CONCLUSIONS: Disintegration of the implant due to periimplantitis is accompanied by the process of demineralization and resorption of bone tissue (in places up to the surface of the implant, in places with through defects to the surface of the implant) and its replacement with connective tissue.

Keywords

implant / periimplantitis / removal / surface / electron microscopy / spectrometry

References

[1] Bersanov RU, Mirgazizov MZ, Remizova AA, et al. Functional effective modern methods of orthopedic rehabilitation of patients with partial and complete edentulous. Rossiyskiy Vestnik dentalnoy implantologii. 2015;(2):39–42. (In Russ).

[2] Берсанов Р.У., Миргазизов М.З., Ремизова А.А., и др. Функциональная эффективность современных методов ортопедической реабилитации больных с частичной и полной адентией // Российский вестник дентальной имплантологии. 2015. № 2. С. 39–42.

[3] Nikitin VV, Olesova VN, Pashkova GS, et al. Prevention of periimplantitis with the use of bacteriophage-based. Rossiyskiy Vestnik dentalnoy implantologii. 2017;(2):55–59. (In Russ).

[4] Никитин В.В., Олесова В.Н., Пашкова Г.С., и др. Профилактика периимплантита с использованием средства на основе бактериофагов // Российский вестник дентальной имплантологии. 2017. № 2. С. 55–59.

[5] Olesova VN, Bronshteyn DA, Stepanov AF, et al. The frequency of inflammatory complications in periimplantary tissues according distant clinical analysis. Dentist. 2017;(1):35–37. (In Russ).

[6] Олесова В.Н., Бронштейн Д.А., Степанов А.Ф., и др. Частота развития воспалительных осложнений в периимплантатных тканях по данным отдаленного клинического анализа // Стоматолог. 2017. № 1. С. 58–62.

[7] Durnovo EA, Bespalova NA, Yanova NA, et al. Resources of the soft tissue plastic surgery in the oral cavity for the prevention of peri-implantitis. Rossiyskiy Vestnik dentalnoy implantologii. 2017; (3–4):42–52. (In Russ).

[8] Дурново Е.А., Беспалова Н.А., Янова Н.А., и др. Возможности пластической хирургии мягких тканей полости рта в профилактике периимплантита // Российский вестник дентальной имплантологии. 2017. № 3–4. С. 42–52.

[9] Shevela TL, Pokhoden'ko-Chudakova IO, Bashlakova NA, Zherko OM. Еarly diagnostics of periimplantitis development after dental implantation by method of ultrasound diagnostics. Rossiyskiy Vestnik dentalnoy implantologii. 2016;(2):44–49. (In Russ).

[10] Шевела Т.Л., Походенько-Чудакова И.О., Башлакова Н.А., Жерко О.М. Ранняя диагностика развития периимплантита после операции дентальной имплантации при помощи ультразвукового исследования // Российский вестник дентальной имплантологии. 2016. № 2. С. 44–49.

[11] Olesova VN, Zaslavskii RS, Martynov DV, et al. Eksperimental'no-klinicheskoe sravnenie keramicheskikh i titanovykh dental'nykh implantatov. In: Zheleznov LM, editor. Aktual'nye voprosy stomatologii. Sbornik III Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. Kirov; 2019. P:170–173. (In Russ).

[12] Олесова В.Н., Заславский Р.С., Мартынов Д.В., и др. Экспериментально-клиническое сравнение керамических и титановых дентальных имплантатов. В кн.: Актуальные вопросы стоматологии. Сборник III Всероссийской научно-практической конференции с международным участием / под редакцией Л.М. Железнова. Киров, 2019. С. 170–173.

[13] Morozov DI, Zaslavskii RS, Martynov DV, et al. Sravnenie harakteristik keramicheskih i titanovyh implantatov. In: Aktual'nye voprosy stomatologii. Sbornik nauchnyh trudov, posvjashhennyj osnovatelju kafedry ortopedicheskoj stomatologii KGMU professoru Isaaku Mihajlovichu Oksmanu. Kazan; 2019. P:227–231. (In Russ).

[14] Морозов Д.И., Заславский Р.С., Мартынов Д.В., и др. Сравнение характеристик керамических и титановых имплантатов. В кн.: Актуальные вопросы стоматологии. Сборник научных трудов, посвященный основателю кафедры ортопедической стоматологии КГМУ профессору Исааку Михайловичу Оксману. Казань, 2019. С. 227–231.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector