Is temporomandibular disfunction an occupational disease of flautists?

Abstract

Wind instrumentalists are prone to a number of occupational hazards that can lead to occupational diseases. C. Zaza defined these diseases as playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMD). Such occupational diseases are devastating for musicians in terms of psychological health and financial state.

According to various epidemiological studies, 62–86% of orchestra musicians experienced PRMD. Particularly the pressure of the mouthpiece on the lower incisors of wind instrumentalists leads to their movement and provoke periodontal diseases. Moreover, wind instrumentalists place themselves at risk of allergies and galvanism. Musicians do not seek for dental help due to the fear of spoiled embouchure (habitual position of the cheeks, tongue, and lips while playing) in spite of the range of specific oral pathologies. Flautists are of particular interest to dental practitioners because they are subjected to several risk factors; in addition to the mouthpiece pressure, they often hold instruments in an asymmetric posture, and in constrained spaces, being surrounded by the other orchestra musicians.

To learn more about the occupational hazards of flautists, we searched for the relevant literature in the central research medical library and for articles in databases eLIBRARY, PubMed, and ResearchGate using the following keywords: “wind instrumentalists”, “flute”, “temporomandibular disorders”, and “playing-related musculoskeletal disorders”.

Some studies claim that the asymmetric posture of flautist, especially in cramped conditions, affects the musician’s health and leads to PRMD. Nevertheless, this research topic has been neglected, and published studies lack a strong methodology, explaining why they fail to show a strong association between TMD and flute playing. Therefore, further research is needed.

Keywords

wind instrumentalists / flute / temporomandibular joint disorders / playing related musculoskeletal disorders

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