Regional features of sensitization to various allergens in children with allergic diseases, taking into account the formed exposome

Abstract

BACKGROUND: According to data from the World Health Organisation, up to 40% of the world’s population and up to 35% of the Russian population suffer from allergies. Assessing the impact of the exposome in the population of the Russian Federation is a crucial issue of national public health care, which will provide a personalised approach to the treatment and prevention of allergic diseases in the local population.

AIM: To evaluate the sensitisation profile in children with allergic diseases from different regions of Russia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included sick children aged 2 to 12 years with allergic manifestations from different regions of the Russian Federation. The concentration of total IgE and allergen-specific immunoglobulins in blood was determined retrospectively on the basis of analyses of results obtained in clinical and diagnostic laboratories performing immunoblotting tests using the Allergy-Q® test system (South Korea).

RESULTS: Sensitisation to allergens mediated by IgE was detected more frequently than in half of the cases (436 people — 58.39%). In the group of household allergens the first place is occupied by cat, then dog and already then house dust. Among respiratory allergens, birch and/or other trees, weeds and mugwort are the leaders. Food sensitisation in children is mainly to milk, egg, fish and seafood.

CONCLUSIONS: The peculiarities of sensitisation revealed in different regions are easily explained by the formed exposomes (due to different climatic conditions, peculiarities of regional vegetation and nutrition). The obtained data can be used to develop measures of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases.

Keywords

allergic diseases / allergodiagnosis / exposome / multiplex panels / regional sensitization

References

[1] Borisov SA, Savchenko AA, Kasparov EV, et al. Features of peripheral blood B cell phenotype in patients with pressure ulcers. Russian Journal of Immunology. 2020;23(4):419–428. doi: 10.46235/1028-7221-449-FOP

[2] Борисов С.А., Савченко А.А., Каспаров Э.В., и др. Особенности фенотипа В-лимфоцитов крови у больных с пролежнями // Российский иммунологический журнал. 2020. Т. 23, № 4. C. 419–428. doi: 10.46235/1028-7221-449-FOP

[3] Kasparov EV, Savchenko AA, Kudlay DA, et al. Clinical immunology. Rehabilitation of the immune system. Krasnoyarsk: Versona; 2022. 194 p. (In Russ.) EDN: XMNDAQ

[4] Каспаров Э.В., Савченко А.А., Кудлай Д.А., и др. Клиническая иммунология. Реабилитация иммунной системы. Красноярск : Версона, 2022. 196 с. EDN: XMNDAQ

[5] Yang L, Fu J, Zhou Y. Research Progress in Atopic March. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1907. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01907

[6] Yang L., Fu J., Zhou Y. Research Progress in Atopic March // Front Immunol. 2020. Vol. 11. P. 1907. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01907

[7] Jutel M, Agache I, Zemelka-Wiacek M, et al. Nomenclature of allergic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions: Adapted to modern needs: An EAACI position paper. Allergy. 2023;78(11):2851–2874. doi: 10.1111/all.15889 Erratum in: Allergy. 2024;79(1):269–273. doi: 10.1111/all.15983

[8] Jutel M., Agache I., Zemelka-Wiacek M., et al. Nomenclature of allergic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions: Adapted to modern needs: An EAACI position paper // Allergy. 2023. Vol. 78, N 11. P. 2851–2874. doi: 10.1111/all.15889 Erratum in: Allergy. 2024. Vol. 79, N 1. P. 269–273. doi: 10.1111/all.15983

[9] Khaitov R.M. Immunology: textbook. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2023. 520 p. (In Russ.)

[10] Хаитов Р.М. Иммунология: учебник. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2023. 520 с.

[11] Bousquet J, Anto J, Auffray C, et al. MeDALL (Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy): an integrated approach from phenotypes to systems medicine. Allergy. 2011;66(5):596–604. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02534.x

[12] Bousquet J., Anto J., Auffray C., et al. MeDALL (Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy): an integrated approach from phenotypes to systems medicine // Allergy. 2011. Vol. 66, N 5. P. 596–604. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02534.x

[13] Kiewiet MBG, Lupinek C, Vrtala S, et al. A molecular sensitization map of European children reveals exposome- and climate-dependent sensitization profiles. Allergy. 2023;78(7):2007–2018. doi: 10.1111/all.15689

[14] Kiewiet M.B.G., Lupinek C., Vrtala S., et al. A molecular sensitization map of European children reveals exposome- and climate-dependent sensitization profiles // Allergy. 2023. Vol 78, N 7. P. 2007–2018. doi: 10.1111/all.15689

[15] Wild CP. The exposome: from concept to utility. Int J Epidemiol. 2012;41(1):24–32. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyr236

[16] Wild C.P. The exposome: from concept to utility // Int J Epidemiol. 2012. Vol. 41, N 1. P. 24–32. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyr236

[17] Barouki R. A toxicological perspective on climate change and the exposome. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1361274. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1361274

[18] Barouki R. A toxicological perspective on climate change and the exposome // Front Public Health. 2024. Vol. 12. P. 1361274. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1361274

[19] Buck Louis GM, Smarr MM, Patel CJ. The Exposome Research Paradigm: an Opportunity to Understand the Environmental Basis for Human Health and Disease. Curr Environ Health Rep. 2017;4(1):89–98. doi: 10.1007/s40572-017-0126-3

[20] Buck Louis G.M., Smarr M.M., Patel C.J. The Exposome Research Paradigm: an Opportunity to Understand the Environmental Basis for Human Health and Disease // Curr Environ Health Rep. 2017. Vol. 4, N 1. P. 89–98. doi: 10.1007/s40572-017-0126-3

[21] Demuru S, Chai-Gao H, Shynkarenko Y, et al. Point-of-Care Fluorescence Biosensing System for Rapid Multi-Allergen Screening. Sensors (Basel). 2024;24(11):3280. doi: 10.3390/s24113280

[22] Demuru S., Chai-Gao H., Shynkarenko Y., et al. Point-of-Care Fluorescence Biosensing System for Rapid Multi-Allergen Screening // Sensors (Basel). 2024. Vol. 24, N 11. P. 3280. doi: 10.3390/s24113280

[23] Kim SR, Park KH, Lee JH, et al. Validation of PROTIA™ Allergy-Q 64 Atopy® as a Specific IgE Measurement Assay for 10 Major Allergen Components. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2019;11(3):422–432. doi: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.3.422

[24] Kim S.R., Park K.H., Lee J.H., et al. Validation of PROTIA™ Allergy-Q 64 Atopy® as a Specific IgE Measurement Assay for 10 Major Allergen Components // Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2019. Vol. 11, N 3. P. 422–432. doi: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.3.422

[25] Lee JH, Park HJ, Park KH, et al. Performance of the PROTIA™ Allergy-Q® System in the Detection of Allergen-specific IgE: A Comparison With the ImmunoCAP® System. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2015;7(6):565–572. doi: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.6.565

[26] Lee J.H., Park H.J., Park K.H., Jeong K.Y., Park J.W. Performance of the PROTIA™ Allergy-Q® System in the Detection of Allergen-specific IgE: A Comparison With the ImmunoCAP® System // Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2015. Vol. 7, N 6. P. 565–572. doi: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.6.565

[27] Rim JH, Park BG, Kim JH, Kim HS. Comparison and clinical utility evaluation of four multiple allergen simultaneous tests including two newly introduced fully automated analyzers. Pract Lab Med. 2016;4:50–61. doi: 10.1016/j.plabm.2016.01.002

[28] Rim J.H., Park B.G., Kim J.H., Kim H.S. Comparison and clinical utility evaluation of four multiple allergen simultaneous tests including two newly introduced fully automated analyzers // Pract Lab Med. 2016. Vol. 4. P. 50–61. doi: 10.1016/j.plabm.2016.01.002

[29] Abang Abdullah AF, Muhamad NA, Ab Ghani RM, et al. The Effectiveness of Early Food Introduction in Preventing Childhood Allergic Diseases: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Res Protoc. 2023;12:e46816. doi: 10.2196/46816

[30] Abang Abdullah A.F., Muhamad N.A., Ab Ghani R.M., et al. The Effectiveness of Early Food Introduction in Preventing Childhood Allergic Diseases: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis // JMIR Res Protoc. 2023. Vol. 12. P. e46816. doi: 10.2196/46816

[31] Peters RL, Koplin JJ, Gurrin LC, et al. The prevalence of food allergy and other allergic diseases in early childhood in a population-based study: HealthNuts age 4-year follow-up. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(1):145–153.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.02.019

[32] Peters R.L., Koplin J.J., Gurrin L.C., et al. The prevalence of food allergy and other allergic diseases in early childhood in a population-based study: HealthNuts age 4-year follow-up // J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017. Vol. 140, N 1. P. 145–153.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.02.019

[33] Dramburg S, Hilger C, Santos AF, et al. EAACI Molecular Allergology User’s Guide 2.0. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2023;34 Suppl. 28:e13854. doi: 10.1111/pai.13854

[34] Dramburg S., Hilger C., Santos A.F., et al. EAACI Molecular Allergology User’s Guide 2.0 // Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2023. Vol. 34, Suppl. 28. P. e13854. doi: 10.1111/pai.13854

[35] Dunlop JH, Keet CA. Epidemiology of Food Allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2018;38(1):13–25. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2017.09.002

[36] Dunlop J.H., Keet C.A. Epidemiology of Food Allergy // Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2018. Vol. 38, N 1. P. 13–25. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2017.09.002

[37] Spolidoro GCI, Amera YT, Ali MM, et al. Frequency of food allergy in Europe: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2023;78(2):351–368. doi: 10.1111/all.15560

[38] Spolidoro G.C.I., Amera Y.T., Ali M.M., et al. Frequency of food allergy in Europe: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis // Allergy. 2023. Vol. 78, N 2. P. 351–368. doi: 10.1111/all.15560

[39] Lyons SA, Clausen M, Knulst AC, et al. Prevalence of Food Sensitization and Food Allergy in Children Across Europe. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(8):2736–2746.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.020

[40] Lyons S.A., Clausen M., Knulst A.C., et al. Prevalence of Food Sensitization and Food Allergy in Children Across Europe // J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020. Vol. 8, N 8. P. 2736–2746.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.020

[41] Elisyutina O, Lupinek C, Fedenko E, et al. IgE-reactivity profiles to allergen molecules in Russian children with and without symptoms of allergy revealed by micro-array analysis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2021;32(2):251–263. doi: 10.1111/pai.13354

[42] Elisyutina O., Lupinek C., Fedenko E., et al. IgE-reactivity profiles to allergen molecules in Russian children with and without symptoms of allergy revealed by micro-array analysis // Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2021. Vol. 32, N 2. P. 251–263. doi: 10.1111/pai.13354

[43] Moghtaderi M, Hosseini Teshnizi S, Farjadian S. Sensitization to common allergens among patients with allergies in major Iranian cities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017007. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2017007

[44] Moghtaderi M., Hosseini Teshnizi S., Farjadian S. Sensitization to common allergens among patients with allergies in major Iranian cities: a systematic review and meta-analysis // Epidemiol Health. 2017. Vol. 39. P. e2017007. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2017007

[45] D’souza N, Weber M, Sarzsinszky E, et al. The Molecular Allergen Recognition Profile in China as Basis for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy. Front Immunol. 2021;12:719573. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.719573

[46] D’souza N., Weber M., Sarzsinszky E., et al. The Molecular Allergen Recognition Profile in China as Basis for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy // Front Immunol. 2021. Vol. 12. P. 719573. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.719573

[47] Barilo AA, Smirnova SV, Belenyuk VD, Savchenko AA, Borisov AG. Issues of specific in vitro allergological diagnosis of atopic conditions. Russian Journal of Immunology. 2023;26(1):69–76. doi: 10.46235/1028-7221-1156-IOS

[48] Барило А.А., Смирнова С.В., Беленюк В.Д., Савченко А.А., Борисов А.Г. К вопросу специфической аллергологической диагностики атопии in vitro // Российский иммунологический журнал. 2023. Т. 26, № 1. C. 69–76. doi: 10.46235/1028-7221-1156-IOS

Funding

РоспотребнадзорFederal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing(124020100065-3)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector