Peculiarities of the course of the menopausal period in women with endocrine system diseases

Abstract

In recent decades, there has been a clear trend towards an increase in the life expectancy of the population. In the 1990s it reached 78.9 years for women. The global population of postmenopausal women today is 10%. According to WHO projections 46% of women are expected to be over 45 years old by 2015. The age of menopause remains fairly stable and in different regions of Russia is 49-50 years. Consequently, a woman spends more than a third of her life in a state of deficiency of female sex hormones.

Keywords

menopause / women / endocrine disorders

References

[1] Караченцев А.Н., Сергеев П.В. «Вазоактивные эффекты половых гормонов. » // Проблемы эндокринологии, 1997, N2, т. 43, стр. 45-53.

[2] Караченцев А.Н., Сергеев П.В., Матюшин А.И. «Гестагены и сердце»// Проблемы эндокринологии, 1996, N2, т. 42, стр. 42-45.

[3] Матюшин А.И., Караченцев А.Н., Исаева С.А., Мамбетова А.Ж. «Сравнительная оценка инотропного действия липофильных и гидрофильных форм 17 бета эстрадиола и прогестерона»// Проблемы эндокринологии, 1997, N6, т. 43, стр. 43-45.

[4] Попков С.А., Старкова Н.Т. Морозова Т.П., Волобуева Ю.В. «О лечении климактерических расстройств у женщин при сахарном диабете II типа» // Проблемы эндокринологии 1996, N5, т. 42, стр. 18-20.

[5] Сметник В.П., Тумилович Л.Г. Неоперативная гинекология. М.,1995, стр. 191.

[6] American Diabetes Association 57th Annual Meeting And Scientific Sessions June 21 -24, 1997 Boston, Mass. //Clinician Reviews, 1997, 7(8): 162-165, 168-170.

[7] Andersson B., Mattsson L-A., Hahn L. et al. Estrogen replacement therapy decreases Hyperandrogenicity and improves Glucose Homeostasis and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.//J. of Clinical, and Metabolism, 1997, Vol. 82 ,No. 2, p. 638-643.

[8] Barrett-Connor E., Kritz-Silverstein D. Does Hyperinsulinemia Preserve Bone?//Diabetes Care, 1996,

[9] Vol. 19, No12, p. 1388-92.

[10] Consensus Development Conference on the Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease in People with Diabetes, 10-11 February 1998, Miami, Florida. // Clinical diabetes, 1998, Vol. 16, No. 4.

[11] Gilligan D.M., Badar D.M., Panza J.A., Quyyumi A.A., Cannon R.O. 3rd. Acute Vascular Effects of Estrogen in Postmenopausal Women. // Circulation, 1994, 90(2):786-91.

[12] Giugliano D., Ceriello A., Paolisso G., «Сахарный диабет, гипертензия и сердечно-сосудистая патология: какова роль окислительного стресса?»// Metabolism, 1995; 44-363-368.

[13] Godsland I. «Принципы и практика использования ЗГТ у женщин с симптомами диабета»// Климактерий и постменопауза, 1997(2), стр 28.

[14] Grodstein F. et. al. Postmenopausal estrogen and progestin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease. // The New England J. of Medicine, 1996; 335: 453-61.

[15] Jovanovic-Peterson L. Hormone replacement therapy and diabetes. // Clinical diabetes., 1996 Nov./Dec.,

[16] p. 142-147.

[17] Kaplan R.C., Heckbert S.R., Weiss N.S. et. al. Postmenopausal Estrogens and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Diabetic Women. // Diabetes Care, 1998, Vol.21, No. 7, p.1117-21.

[18] Luotola H., Pyorala T., Loikkanen M. Effects of Natural Oestrogen/ Progestogen Substitution Therapy on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Post-menopausal Women.// Maturitas 8 ( 1986) , p. 245-253.

[19] Nelson T., Shulman G., Grainger D., Diamond M.P. Progesterone Administration Induced Impairment of Insulin Suppression of Hepatic Glucose Production. //Fertil. Steril., 1994, 62(3):491-6.

[20] Ottesen B., Sorensen M.B. Women at cardiac risk: is HRT the route to maintaining cardiovascular health? //1 nt. J. Gynaecol. Obstet, 1997, 59 Suppl. 1 :S 19-27.

[21] Robinson J.S., Folsom A.R., Nabuisi A.A., Watson R., Brancati F.L., Cai J. Can postmenopausal hormone replacement improve plasma lipids in women with diabetes? The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Investigators. //Diabetes Care, 1996, Vol. 19, No. 5, p.480-5.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eсо-Vector