Formation of fetal opioid system

Abstract

The article presented literature review about of endogenous opioid system (EOS) formation consist of opioid receptors complex and its ligands (endogenous opioid peptides) in different tissues including placenta. It was shown that formation of fetal EOS is going with anatomic and functional development of the central nervous system and EOS expression begins in the placental tissues as soon as implantation and starts till the end of the pregnancy. Influence of opioid peptides on secretion progesterone, prolactin family peptides, growth hormone, placental lactogens and prolypherine from the trophoblast tissue is discussed.

Keywords

pregnancy / endogenous opiates / fetal distress

References

[1] Ласукова Т.В. Низкодубова С.В., Мухотабарова Е.Ю. Опиоидная система, ее возможная роль в механизме адаптации организма спортсменов к действию гипоксии // Вестник ТГПУ. - 2013. - Т. 40. - № 12. - С. 215-221. [Lasukova TV, Nizkodubova SV, Mukhotabarova EY. Opioidnaya sistema, ee vozmozhnaya rol’ v mekhanizme adaptatsii organizma sportsmenov k deystviyu gipoksii. Vestnik TGPU. 2013;12(40):215-221. (In Russ).]

[2] Удовиченко В.И. Эндогенная опиоидная система при шоке // Патологическая физиология и экспериментальная терапия. - 1989. - № 6. - С. 72-77. [Udovichenko VI. Endogennaya opioidnaya sistema pri shoke. Patologicheskaya fiziologiya i eksperimental’naya terapiya. 1989;6:72-77. (In Russ).]

[3] Kopery A, Satyaharayana S, Rizwan S. Endogenous opioids: their physiological role and receptors. Global J of Pharmacology. 2009;3(3):149-153.

[4] Espinoza M, Riquelme R, German AM. Role of endogenous opioids in the cardiovascular responses to asphyxiain fetal sheep. Am J of Phys. 1989;256(5): R1063-1068.

[5] Hu Dian, Gu Hang, Hong Xin-ru, et al. Experimental study of endogenous opioid peptides participating in the fetal distress. Chinese J of Clinical Rehabilitation. 2005;9(7):246-248.

[6] Froehlich JC. Opioids peptides. Alcohol Health & Research World. 1997;(21)2:132-136.

[7] Hindmarsh KW, Sancaran K. Endorphins and the neonate. Can Med Assoc J. 1985;132:331-334.

[8] Kofinas George D, Kofinas Alexander D, Tavakoli Farangis M. Maternal and fetal β-endorphin release in response to the stress of labor and delivery. Am J of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1985;152(1):56-59. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9378(85)80177-0.

[9] Jordan B, Devi LA. Molecular mechanisms of opioid receptor signal transduction. Br J of Anaesthesia. 1998;81:12-19. doi: 10.1093/bja/81.1.12.

[10] Павлова Н.Г., Константинова Н.Н. Неврология плода - возможности и перспективы исследования // Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. - 2003. - № 2. - С. 86-94. [Pavlova NG, Konstantinova NN. Nevrologiya ploda - vozmozhnosti i perspektivy issledovaniya. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskikh bolezney. 2003;2:86-94. (In Russ).]

[11] Fisk NM, Gitau R, Teixeira JM, et al. Effect of direct fetal opioid analgesia on fetal hormonal and hemodynamic stress response to intrauterine needling. Anesthesiology. 2001;95(4):828-35. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200110000-00008.

[12] Ismail KMK, Wilson M, Kilby MD. Fetal Pain and analgesia. Current Obstetric. Gynecol. 2000;10:214-217. doi: 10.1054/cuog.2000.0140.

[13] Curtis L. Lowery, Mary P. Hardman, Nirvana Manning, et al. Neurodevelopment changes of fetal pain. Seminars in Perinatology. 2007;31:275-282.

[14] Glover V, Fisk NM. Do fetuses feel pain? We don’t know; better to err on the safe side from mid-gestation. BMJ. 1996;313:796. doi: 10.1136/bmj.313.7060.796.

[15] Lee SJ, Ralston MP, Drey EA, et al. Fetal pain (a systematic multidisciplinary review of the evidence). JAMA. 2005;294(8):947-954. doi: 10.1001/jama.294.8.947.

[16] Zagon IS, Wu Y, McLaughlin PJ. Opioid growth factor and organ development in rat and human embryos. Brain Research. 1999;839:313-322. doi: 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01753-9.

[17] MacLaughlin PJ, Wylie JD, Bloom G, et al. Chronic exposure to the opioid growth factor, [Met5]-enkephalin, during pregnancy: maternal and preweaning effects. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. 2002;71:171-181. doi: 10.1016/S0091-3057(01)00649-9.

[18] Zhu Y, Pintar JE. Expression of opioid receptors and Ligands in pregnant mouse uterus and placenta. Biology of Reproduction. 1998;59:925-932. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod59.4.925.

[19] Skillman CA, Clark KE. Fetal beta-endorphin levels in response to reductions in uterine blood flow. Biol Neonate. 1987;51:217-223. doi: 10.1159/000242656.

[20] Rokyta R. Fetal Pain. Int. J. Prenatal. And Perinatal. Physiology and Medicine. 2008;20:167-178.

[21] Facchietti E, Garuti G, Petraglia F, et al. Changes in beta-endorphin in fetal membranes and placental in normal and pathological pregnancies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1990;69(7-8):603-7. doi: 10.3109/00016349009028703.

[22] Mantione KJ, Angert RM, Cadet P, Kream RM, Stefano GB. Identification of a μ-opiate preceptor signaling mechanism in human placenta. Med Sci Monit. 2010;16(11):BR347-352.

[23] Harbach H, Antrecht K, Boedeker RH, et al. Response to delivery stress is not mediated by beta-endorphin. Europ J Obstet Gynecol Reproduct Bio. 2008;136: 39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2007. 02.004.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Yakovleva A.A.