Vaginal flora in bacterial vaginosis - the criteria Amsel

Abstract

The article presents the results of a survey of 84 women diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis on the basis of criteria of Amsel. The frequency of detection of various microorganisms/groups of microorganisms present in the vaginal microbiocenosis when different diagnostic criteria for bacterial vaginosis Amsel. Structure and diversity vaginal microbiocenosis assessed using molecular PCR in real time. Bacterial vaginosis is polyetiology syndrome. However, the search for individual bacteria and their combinations in bacterial vaginosis is an actual problem of modern researchers.

Keywords

bacterial vaginosis / microbiocenosis vagina / anaerobic microorganisms / diagnosis

References

[1] Савичева А.М., Шалепо К.В., Назарова В.В., Менухова Ю.Н. Полнота восстановления вагинальной микроэкологии как критерий эффективности двухэтапной терапии бактериального вагиноза // Status Praesens. - 2014. - Т. 20. - № 3. - С. 33-37. [Savicheva AM, Shalepo KV, Nazarova VV, Menuhova JN. Polnota vosstanovlenija vaginal’noj mikrojekologii kak kriterij jeffektivnosti dvuhjetapnoj terapii bakterial’nogo vaginoza. Status Praesens. 2014;3(20):33-37. (In Russ).]

[2] Шалепо К.В., Назарова В.В., Менухова Ю.Н., и др. Оценка современных методов лабораторной диагностики бактериального вагиноза // Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. - 2014. - № 1. - С. 26-32. [Shalepo KV, Nazarova VV, Menuhova JN, et al. Ocenka sovremennyh metodov laboratornoj diagnostiki bakterial’nogo vaginoza. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskih boleznej. 2014;1:26-32. (In Russ).]

[3] Amsel R, Totten PA, Spiegel CA, et al. Nonspecific vaginitis. Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. Am J Med. 1983;74:14-22. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(83)91112-9.

[4] Africa CW, Nel J, Stemmet M. Anaerobes and bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: virulence factors contributing to vaginal colonisation. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11(7):6979-7000. doi: 10.3390/ijerph110706979.

[5] Bradshaw CS, Morton AN, Hocking J, et al. High recurrence rates of bacterial vaginosis over the course of 12 monthsafter oral metronidazole therapy and factors associated with recurrence. J Infect Dis. 2006;193:1478-1486. doi: 10.1086/503780.

[6] Cherpes TL, Meyn LA, Krohn MA, et al. Association between acquisition of herpex simplex virus type 2 in women and bacterial vaginosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37;319-325. doi: 10.1086/375819

[7] Fredricks DN, Fiedler TL, Marrazzo JM. Molecular identification of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(18):1899-911. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa043802

[8] Fredericks DN, Marazzo JM. Molecular methodology in determing vaginal flora in health and disease: it time has come. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2005;7(6):463-70. doi: 10.1007/s11908-005-0049-2.

[9] Funke G, Graevenitz A, Clarriddge JE, Bernard KA. Clinical microbiology of Coryneform bacteria. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 1997; Jan:125-159.

[10] Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Johnson DC. Maternal infection and advers fetal and neonatal outcomes. Clinical Perinatology. 2005;3:523-529. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2005.04.006

[11] Haggerty CL, Totten PA, Ferris M, et al. Clinical characteristics of bacterial vaginosis among women testing positive for fastidious bacteria. Sex Transm Infect. 2009;85:242-248. doi: 10.1136/sti.2008.032821

[12] Hillier SL, Nugent RP, Eschenbach DA, et al. Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1737-1742. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199512283332604

[13] Larsson PG. Treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Int J STD AIDS. 1992;3:239-247.

[14] Martius J, Eschenbah DA. The role of bacterial vaginosis as a cause of amniotic fluid infection, chorioamnionitis and prematurity - a review. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 1990;247:1-13. doi: 10.1007/BF02390649.

[15] Myer L, Kuhn L, Stein ZA, et al. Intravaginal practices, bacterial vaginosis and women’s susceptibility to HIV infection: epidemiological evidence and biological mechanisms. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:786-794. doi: 10.1016/S 1473-3099(05)70298-X.

[16] Nugent RP, Krohn MA, Hillier SL. Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation. J Clin Microbiol. 1991;29:297-301.

[17] Piot P, van Dyck E, Godts P, Vanderheyden J. The vaginal microbial flora in nonspecific vaginitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol. 1983;1:301-306. doi: 10.1007/BF02019976.

[18] Schwiertz AI, Le Blay G., Blaut M. Quantification of different Eubacterium spp. in human fecal samples with species-specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000;66(1):375-82. doi: 10.1128/AEM.66.1.375-382.2000.

[19] Sobel JD, Schmitt C, Meriwether C. Long-term follow-up of patient with bacterial vaginosis treated with oral metronidazole and topical clindamycin. J Infect Dis. 1993;167:783-784. doi: 10.1093/infdis/167.3.783.

[20] Spiegel CA, Davick P, Totten PA, et al. Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria in the etiology of bacterial (nonspecific) vaginosis. Scand J Infect Dis. 1983;40:41-6.

[21] Srinivasan S, Hoffman NG, Morgan MT, et al. Bacterial communities in women with bacterial vaginosis: high resolution phylogenetic analyses reveal relationships of microbiota to clinical criteria. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(6). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037818.

[22] Sweet RL. Role of bacterial vaginosis in pelvic inflammatory disease. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20:271-275. doi: 10.1093/clinids/20.Supplement_2.S 271

[23] Waites KB, Katz B, Schelonka RL. Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas as Neonatal Pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18(4):757-789. doi: 10.1128/CMR.18.4.757-789.2005.

[24] Weisenfeld HC, Hillier SL, Krohn MA, et al. Bacterial vaginosis is a strong predictor of Neisseria gonorhoeae and Chlamidia trachomatis infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:663-668. doi: 10.1086/367658.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Nazarova V.V., Shalepo K.V., Menukhova Y.N., Savicheva A.M.