From classical obstetrics to modern industrial technologies

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive historical overview of the development of classical obstetrics in Europe and Russia during the 19th century. The concept of classical originated in Europe in the early 19th century and became fundamental to the development of classical obstetrics. At that time, Ernst Bumm was the father of classical obstetrics in Western Europe, while in Russia, Eduard-Anton Y. Krassovsky became the leader and founder of scientific classical obstetrics. Krassovsky founded the first Russian Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in St. Petersburg (1886) and the Journal of Obstetrics and Women’s Diseases (1887). The article explores key problems currently faced by obstetrics, highlighting the high prevalence of surgical deliveries. The author emphasizes that pregnancy and childbirth are natural physiological processes that have evolved over centuries to meet the needs of human survival. Therefore, he advocates for promoting natural and high-quality childbirth. He also calls for aligning with global practices by implementing mandatory newborn resuscitation at weeks 24–25 of gestation, which would address various moral, ethical, economic, social, and legal concerns. Furthermore, the article underscores the importance of conducting scientific research with precision to eliminate risks for patients and provides a critical evaluation of certain treatment approaches for postpartum hemorrhage.

Keywords

history of obstetrics / uterine bleeding / cesarean section / reproductive technology

References

[1] Ailamazyan EK. Obstetrics and gynecology in articles, speeches and lectures. Saint Petersburg: Levsha; 2014. 488 p. (In Russ.)

[2] Айламазян Э.К. Акушерство и гинекология в статьях, выступлениях и лекциях. Санкт-Петербург: Левша, 2014. 488 с.

[3] Ukhtomsky AA. Dominant: physiology of behavior. Moscow: AST; 2020. 320 p. (In Russ.)

[4] Ухтомский А.А. Доминанта: физиология поведения. Москва: АСТ, 2020. 320 с.

[5] Garmasheva NL, Konstantinova NN, Belich AI; Ailamazyan EK, editor. Psyche and childbirth. Saint Petersburg: Yablochko SO; 1996. 120 p. (In Russ.)

[6] Гармашева Н.Л., Константинова Н.Н., Белич А.И. Психика и роды / под ред. Э.К. Айламазян. Санкт-Петербург: Яблочко СО, 1996. 120 c.

[7] Fedorov SP. Surgery at a crossroads. Moscow: Narkomzdrav; 1927. 32 p. (In Russ.)

[8] Федоров С.П. Хирургия на распутьи. Москва: Наркомздрав, 1927. 32 с.

[9] Mikhailov AV, Shman VV, Novikova AV, et al. Elastic uterine compression as a new method of cessation obstetric bleeding in single and multiple births. Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2024;24(3):82–91. (In Russ.) EDN: HHPNDP doi: 10.17116/rosakush20242403182

[10] Михайлов А.В., Шман В.В., Новикова А.В., и др. Эластичная компрессия матки как новый метод остановки акушерских кровотечений при одно- и многоплодных родах // Российский вестник акушера-гинеколога. 2024. Т. 24, № 3. С. 82–91. EDN: HHPNDP doi: 10.17116/rosakush20242403182

[11] Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Postpartum hemorrhage. Clinical guidelines. Moscow; 2023. (In Russ.) [cited 2024 Dec 12]. Available from: https://legalacts.ru/doc/klinicheskie-rekomendatsii-poslerodovoe-krovotechenie-utv-minzdravom-rossii/?ysclid=m4l6r09dcv401461409

[12] Минздрав Российской Федерации. Послеродовое кровотечение. Клинические рекомендации. Москва, 2023. Режим доступа: https://legalacts.ru/doc/klinicheskie-rekomendatsii-poslerodovoe-krovotechenie-utv-minzdravom-rossii/?ysclid=m4l6r09dcv401461409. Дата обращения: 12.12.2024.

[13] Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Pathological attachment of the placenta (placenta previa and accreta). Moscow; 2023. (In Russ.) [cited 2024 Dec 12]. Available from: https://sudact.ru/law/klinicheskie-rekomendatsii-patologicheskoe-prikreplenie-platsenty-predlezhanie-i/klinicheskie-rekomendatsii/

[14] Минздрав Российской Федерации. Патологическое прикрепление плаценты (предлежание и врастание плаценты). Клинические рекомендации. Москва, 2023. Режим доступа: https://sudact.ru/law/klinicheskie-rekomendatsii-patologicheskoe-prikreplenie-platsenty-predlezhanie-i/klinicheskie-rekomendatsii/. Дата обращения: 12.12.2024.

[15] Kurtser MA, Breslav IY, Lukashina MV, et al., True placenta accreta: medical treatment. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2011;(4):118–122. (In Russ.) EDN: PFRYNP

[16] Курцер М.А., Бреслав И.Ю., Лукашина М.В. и др. Истинное врастание плаценты (placenta accreta). консервативная терапия // Акушерство и гинекология. 2011. № 4. C. 118–122. EDN: PFRYNP

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eсо-Vector