Possibilities for predicting prelabor rupture of membranes

Abstract

Prelabor rupture of membranes occurs in 20% of all pregnancies, while in the structure of preterm labor it occurs in 40% of cases. Particular attention to prelabor rupture of membranes is primarily due to the risk of developing septic complications being increased as the duration of the anhydrous interval increases. Currently, there are no effective methods for preventing prelabor rupture of membranes. Therefore, the timeliness of prevention of fetal respiratory distress syndrome depends on the effectiveness of the prognosis of this condition. The aim of this study was to assess the possibilities for predicting prelabor rupture of membranes. This was achieved by using an analytical method including carrying out a detailed systematic analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature on predicting prelabor rupture of membranes. The study used databases such as eLIBRARY.RU, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library and FIPS from the creation until December 2020. An integrated approach to assessing the likelihood of prelabor rupture of membranes will allow optimizing the tactics of pregnancy and labor management, which in the future will reduce not only the incidence of maternal and perinatal morbidity, but also the frequency of operative delivery.

Keywords

prediction / rupture of membranes / wrong time / premature / preterm / prelabour / early intranatal / later intranatal

References

[1] Baskett TF, Kalder JeA, Arulkumaran S. Operativnoe akusherstvo Manro Kerra. Moscow: Rid Jelsiver; 2015. (In Russ.)

[2] Баскетт Т.Ф., Калдер Э.А., Арулкумаран С. Оперативное акушерство Манро Керра. Москва: Рид Элсивер, 2015.

[3] Akusherstvo: nacional’noe rukovodstvo. Ed. by Savel’yeva GM, Sukhikh GT, Serov VN, Radzinsky VE. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2018. (In Russ.)

[4] Акушерство: национальное руководство / под ред. Г.М. Савельевой, Г.Т. Сухих, В.Н. Серова, В.Е. Радзинского. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2018.

[5] Strizhakov AN, Ignatko IV, Davydov AI. Akusherstvo: uchebnik. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2020. (In Russ.)

[6] Стрижаков А.Н., Игнатко И.В., Давыдов А.И. Акушерство: учебник. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2020.

[7] Aylamazyan EK, Tarasova MA, Baranov VS, et al. Akusherstvo: uchebnik. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2019. (In Russ)

[8] Айламазян Э.К., Тарасова М.А., Баранов В.С. и др. Акушерство: учебник. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2019.

[9] Baev OR, Vasilchenko ON, Kan NE, et al. Clinical guidelines for preterm amniorrhea. Obstetrics and Gynegology. 2013;9:123–134. (In Russ.)

[10] Баев О.Р., Васильченко О.Н., Кан Н.Е. и др. Преждевременный разрыв плодных оболочек. Преждевременное излитие вод // Акушерство и гинекология. 2013. № 9. С. 123–134.

[11] Borshcheva AA, Pertseva GM, Loginov IA. Risk factors and outcome of labor at ill-timed discharge of amniotic fluid. Kubanskij nauchnyj medicinskij vestnik. 2017;24(5):10–13. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.25207/1608-6228-2017-24-5-10-13

[12] Борщева А.А., Перцева Г.М., Логинов И.А. Факторы риска и исход родов при несвоевременном излитии околоплодных вод // Кубанский научный медицинский вестник. 2017. Т. 24. № 5. С. 10–13. DOI: 10.25207/1608-6228-2017-24-5-10-13

[13] Serov VN, Adamyan LV, Artymuk NV, et al. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii (protokol lecheniya) “Kesarevo sechenie. Pokazaniya, metody obezbolivaniya, khirurgicheskaya tekhnika, antibiotikoprofilaktika, vedenie posleoperatsionnogo perioda”, utverzhdennye Ministerstvom zdravookhraneniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii No. 15-4/10/2-3190 ot 06.05.2014. [cited 2020 Dec 29]. Available from: http://zdrav.spb.ru/media/komzdrav/documents/document/file/kesarevo_sechenie.pdf. (In Russ.)

[14] Серов В.Н., Адамян Л.В., Артымук Н.В. и др. Клинические рекомендации (протокол лечения) «Кесарево сечение. Показания, методы обезболивания, хирургическая техника, антибиотикопрофилактика, ведение послеоперационного периода», утвержденные Министерством здравоохранения Российской Федерации № 15-4/10/2-3190 от 06.05.2014. [дата обращения: 29.12.2020]. Доступ по ссылке: http://zdrav.spb.ru/media/komzdrav/documents/document/file/kesarevo_sechenie.pdf

[15] Guseinova GE, Khodzhaeva ZS. Clinical and anamnestic features of women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2019;(8):54–61. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18565/aig.2019.8.54-61

[16] Гусейнова Г.Э., Ходжаева З.С. Клинико-анамнестические особенности женщин с преждевременным разрывом плодных оболочек при преждевременных родах // Акушерство и гинекология. 2019. № 8. С. 54–61. DOI: 10.18565/aig.2019.8.54-61

[17] Bouvier D, Forest JC, Blanchon L, et al. Risk factors and outcomes of preterm premature rupture of membranes in a cohort of 6968 pregnant women prospectively recruited J Clin Med. 2019;8(11):1987. DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111987

[18] Bouvier D., Forest J.C., Blanchon L. et al. Risk factors and outcomes of preterm premature rupture of membranes in a cohort of 6968 pregnant women prospectively recruited // J. Clin. Med. 2019. Vol. 8. No. 11. P. 1987. DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111987

[19] Akusherstvo: uchebnik. Ed. by VE Radzinsky, AM Fuks. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2016. (In Russ.)

[20] Акушерство: учебник / под ред. В.Е. Радзинского, А.М. Фукса. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2016.

[21] Lorthe E. Epidemiology, risk factors and child prognosis: CNGOF Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes Guidelines. Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol. 2018;46(12):1004–1021. DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2018.10.019

[22] Lorthe E. Epidemiology, risk factors and child prognosis: CNGOF Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes Guidelines // Gynecol. Obstet. Fertil. Senol. 2018. Vol. 46. No. 12. PO. 1004–1021. DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2018.10.019

[23] Afanas’eva MK, Bolotskikh VM, Polyakova VO. Premature rupture of membranes (modern view to etiology and pathogenesis, prediction perspectives). Journal of obstetrics and women’s diseases. 2014;63(3):4–11. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17816/JOWD6334-11

[24] Афанасьева М.Х., Болотских В.М., Полякова В.О. Преждевременное излитие околоплодных вод (современные взгляды на этиологию и патогенез, перспективы прогнозирования) // Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. 2014. Т. 63. № 3. C. 4–11. DOI: 10.17816/JOWD6334-11

[25] Hermanns-Le T, Pierard GE. Collagen fibril arabesques in connective tissue disorders. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2006;7(5):323–326. DOI: 10.2165/00128071-200607050-00006

[26] Hermanns-Le T., Pierard G.E. Collagen fibril arabesques in connective tissue disorders // Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 2006. Vol. 7. No. 5. P. 323–326. DOI: 10.2165/00128071-200607050-00006

[27] Luo X, Shi Q, Gu Y, et al. LncRNA pathway involved in premature preterm rupture of membrane (PPROM): an epigenomic approach to study the pathogenesis of reproductive disorders. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e79897. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079897

[28] Luo X., Shi Q., Gu Y. et al. LncRNA pathway involved in premature preterm rupture of membrane (PPROM): an epigenomic approach to study the pathogenesis of reproductive disorders // PLoS One. 2013. Vol. 8. No. 11. P. e79897. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079897

[29] Luo X, Pan J, Wang L, et al. Epigenetic regulation of lncRNA connects ubiquitin-proteasome system with infection-inflammation in preterm births and preterm premature rupture of membranes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15:35. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0460-0

[30] Luo X., Pan J., Wang L. et al. Epigenetic regulation of lncRNA connects ubiquitin-proteasome system with infection-inflammation in preterm births and preterm premature rupture of membranes // BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015. Vol. 15. P. 35. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0460-0

[31] Menon R, Yu J, Basanta-Henry P, et al. Short fetal leukocyte telomere length and preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes. PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e31136. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031136

[32] Menon R., Yu J., Basanta-Henry P. et al. Short fetal leukocyte telomere length and preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes // PLoS One. 2012. Vol. 7. No. 2. P. e31136. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031136

[33] Menon R, Boldogh I, Hawkins HK, et al. Histological evidence of oxidative stress and premature senescence in preterm premature rupture of the human fetal membranes recapitulated in vitro. Am J Pathol. 2014;184(6):1740–1751. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.02.011

[34] Menon R., Boldogh I., Hawkins H.K. et al. Histological evidence of oxidative stress and premature senescence in preterm premature rupture of the human fetal membranes recapitulated in vitro // Am. J. Pathol. 2014. Vol. 184. No. 6. P. 1740–1751. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.02.011

[35] Dutta EH, Behnia F, Boldogh I, et al. Oxidative stress damage-associated molecular signaling pathways differentiate spontaneous preterm birth and preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Mol Hum Reprod. 2016;22(2):143–157. DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav074

[36] Dutta E.H., Behnia F., Boldogh I. et al. Oxidative stress damage-associated molecular signaling pathways differentiate spontaneous preterm birth and preterm premature rupture of the membranes // Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2016. Vol. 22. No. 2. P. 143–157. DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav074

[37] Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Alpay Savasan Z, et al. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in preterm labor with intact membranes and preterm PROM: a study of the alarmin HMGB1. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011;24(12):1444–1455. DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2011.591460

[38] Romero R., Chaiworapongsa T., Alpay Savasan Z. et al. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in preterm labor with intact membranes and preterm PROM: a study of the alarmin HMGB1 // J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal. Med. 2011. Vol. 24. No. 12. P. 1444–1455. DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2011.591460

[39] Abboud P, Zejli A, Mansour G, et al. Amniotic fluid leakage and premature rupture of membranes after amniocentesis. A review of the literature. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod. 2000;29(8):741–745.

[40] Abboud P., Zejli A., Mansour G. et al. Amniotic fluid leakage and premature rupture of membranes after amniocentesis. A review of the literature // J. Gynecol. Obstet. Biol. Reprod. 2000. Vol. 29. No. 8. P. 741–745.

[41] Patent RUS No. 2739123 / 21.12.20. Byul. No. 36. Kaganova MA, Spiridonova NV, Galkina DA, et al. Sposob prognoza riska dorodovogo izlitiya okoloplodnykh vod pri donoshennoy beremennosti] [cited 2020 Dec 29]. Available from: https://new.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPAT&DocNumber=2739123&TypeFile=html. (In Russ.)

[42] Патент РФ на изобретение № 2739123 / 21.12.20. Бюл. № 36. Каганова М.А., Спиридонова Н.В., Галкина Д.А. и др. Способ прогноза риска дородового излития околоплодных вод при доношенной беременности. [дата обращения: 29.12.2020]. Доступ по ссылке: https://new.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPAT&DocNumber=2739123&TypeFile=html

[43] Kaganova MA, Spiridonova NV, Kazakova AV, et al. Features of the cervical canal microbiota in prenatal amniorrhea and full-term pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2019;(5):77–84. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18565/aig.2019.5.77-84

[44] Каганова М.А., Спиридонова Н.В., Казакова А.В. и др. Особенности микробиоты цервикального канала при дородовом излитии околоплодных вод и доношенной беременности // Акушерство и гинекология. 2019. № 5. С. 77–84. DOI: 10.18565/aig.2019.5.77-84

[45] Patent RUS No. 2014601/ 15.06.94. Pogorelova TN, Drukker NA, Orlov VI, Krukner II. Sposob prognozirovaniya prezhdevremennogo razryva plodnykh obolochek. [cited 2020 Dec 29]. Available from: https://new.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPAT&DocNumber=2014601&TypeFile=html. (In Russ.)

[46] Патент РФ на изобретение № 2014601/ 15.06.94. Погорелова Т.Н., Друккер Н.А., Орлов В.И., Крукнер И.И. Способ прогнозирования преждевременного разрыва плодных оболочек. [дата обращения: 29.12.2020]. Доступ по ссылке: https://new.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPAT&DocNumber=2014601&TypeFile=html

[47] Holst RM, Mattsby-Baltzer I, Wennerholm UB, et al. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in cervical fluid in a population of Swedish women in preterm labor: relationship to microbial invasion of the amniotic fluid, intra-amniotic inflammation, and preterm delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2005;84(6):551–557. DOI: 10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.00708.x

[48] Holst R.M., Mattsby-Baltzer I., Wennerholm U.B. et al. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in cervical fluid in a population of Swedish women in preterm labor: relationship to microbial invasion of the amniotic fluid, intra-amniotic inflammation, and preterm delivery // Acta. Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 2005. Vol. 84. No. 6. P. 551–557. DOI: 10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.00708.x

[49] Bolotskikh VM, Selyutin AV, Selkov SA. Prognostic value of the determination of interleukins-6, -8, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the serum and amniotic fluid of patients with early amniorrhea. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2012;(3):32–36. (In Russ.)

[50] Болотских В.М., Селютин А.В., Сельков С.А. Прогностическое значение определения интерлекинов-6, -8 и фактора некроза опухоли-α в сыворотке крови и околоплодных водах у пациенток с преждевременным излитием околоплодных вод // Акушерство и гинекология. 2012. № 3. С. 32–36.

[51] Patent RUS No. 2405453/ 10.12.10. Byul. No. 34. Sotnikova NYu, Borzova NYu, Kroshkina NV, Talanova IE. Sposob prognozirovaniya prezhdevremennogo izlitiya okoloplodnykh vod u beremennykh. [cited 2020 Dec 29]. Available from: https://new.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPAT&DocNumber=2405453&TypeFile=html. (In Russ.)

[52] Патент РФ на изобретение № 2405453 / 10.12.10. Бюл. № 34. Сотникова Н.Ю., Борзова Н.Ю., Крошкина Н.В., Таланова И.Е. Способ прогнозирования преждевременного излития околоплодных вод у беременных. [дата обращения: 29.12.2020]. Доступ по ссылке: https://new.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPAT&DocNumber=2405453&TypeFile=html

[53] Lee SM, Park KH, Jung EY, et al. Inflammatory proteins in maternal plasma, cervicovaginal and amniotic fluids as predictors of intra-amniotic infection in preterm premature rupture of membranes. PLoS One. 2018;13(7):e0200311. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200311

[54] Lee S.M., Park K.H., Jung E.Y. et al. Inflammatory proteins in maternal plasma, cervicovaginal and amniotic fluids as predictors of intra-amniotic infection in preterm premature rupture of membranes // PLoS One. 2018. Vol. 13. No. 7. P. e0200311. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200311

[55] Ronzoni S, D’Souza R, Shynlova O, et al. Maternal blood endotoxin activity in pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;32(20):3473–3479. DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1465560

[56] Ronzoni S., D’Souza R., Shynlova O. et al. Maternal blood endotoxin activity in pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes // J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal. Med. 2019. Vol. 32. No. 20. P. 3473–3479. DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1465560

[57] Ozturk H, Erkaya S, Altmbas S, et al. The role of unexplained high serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels in the second trimester to determine poor obstetric outcomes. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;11(3):142–147. DOI: 10.4274/tjod.00922

[58] Ozturk H., Erkaya S., Altmbas S. et al. The role of unexplained high serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels in the second trimester to determine poor obstetric outcomes // Turk. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2014. Vol. 11. No. 3. P. 142–147. DOI: 10.4274/tjod.00922

[59] Basbug D, Basbug A, Gulerman C. Is unexplained elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein still important predictor for adverse pregnancy outcome? Ginekol Pol. 2017;88(6):325–330. DOI: 10.5603/GP.a2017.0061

[60] Basbug D., Basbug A., Gulerman C. Is unexplained elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein still important predictor for adverse pregnancy outcome? // Ginekol. Pol. 2017. Vol. 88. No. 6. P. 325–330. DOI: 10.5603/GP.a2017.0061

[61] Zhang HD, Chen HC, Shan LF. Study on the relationship between copper, lysyl oxidase and premature rupture of membranes. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2006;41(1):7–11.

[62] Zhang H.D., Chen H.C., Shan L.F. Study on the relationship between copper, lysyl oxidase and premature rupture of membranes // Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2006. Vol. 41. No. 1. P. 7–11.

[63] Huang S, Xia W, Sheng X, et al. Maternal lead exposure and premature rupture of membranes: a birth cohort study in China. BMJ Open. 2018;8(7):e021565. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021565

[64] Huang S., Xia W., Sheng X. et al. Maternal lead exposure and premature rupture of membranes: a birth cohort study in China // BMJ. Open. 2018. Vol. 8. No. 7. P. e021565. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021565

[65] Erez O, Espinoza J, Chaiworapongsa T, et al. A link between a hemostatic disorder and preterm PROM: a role for tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2008;21(10):732–744. DOI: 10.1080/14767050802361807

[66] Erez O., Espinoza J., Chaiworapongsa T. et al. A link between a hemostatic disorder and preterm PROM: a role for tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor // J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal. Med. 2008. Vol. 21. No. 10. P. 732–744. DOI: 10.1080/14767050802361807

[67] Afanasyeva MH, Bolotskikh VM, Polyakova VO. Signal molecules as biomarkers of prediction of the premature rupture of membranes (clinicodiagnostic aspects). Journal of obstetrics and women’s diseases. 2016;65(6):19–27. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17816/JOWD65619-27

[68] Афанасьева М.Х., Болотских В.М., Полякова В.О. Сигнальные молекулы как биомаркеры прогнозирования преждевременного излития околоплодных вод (клинико-диагностические аспекты) // Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. 2016. Т. 65. № 6. C. 19–27. DOI: 10.17816/JOWD65619-27

[69] Trentini A, Maritati M, Cervellati C, et al. Vaginal lactoferrin modulates PGE2, MMP-9, MMP-2, and TIMP-1 Amniotic fluid concentrations. Mediators Inflamm. 2016;2016:3648719. DOI: 10.1155/2016/3648719

[70] Trentini A., Maritati M., Cervellati C. et al. Vaginal lactoferrin modulates PGE2, MMP-9, MMP-2, and TIMP-1 Amniotic fluid concentrations // Mediators Inflamm. 2016. Vol. 2016. P. 3648719. DOI: 10.1155/2016/3648719

[71] Strauss JF. Extracellular matrix dynamics and fetal membrane rupture. Reprod Sci. 2013;20(2):140–153. DOI: 10.1177/1933719111424454

[72] Strauss J.F. Extracellular matrix dynamics and fetal membrane rupture // Reprod. Sci. 2013. Vol. 20. No. 2. P. 140–153. DOI: 10.1177/1933719111424454

[73] Bolotsky VM. Premature rupture of membranes in term pregnancy: prognosis, pathogenesis, management of pregnancy and labor. Journal of obstetrics and women’s diseases. 2013;62(6):12–18. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17816/JOWD62612-18

[74] Болотских В.М. Преждевременное излитие околоплодных вод при доношенной беременности: прогнозирование, патогенез, тактика ведения беременности и родов // Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. 2013. Т. 62. № 6. C. 12–18. DOI: 10.17816/JOWD62612-18

[75] Tchirikov M, Schlabritz-Loutsevitch N, Maher J, et al. Mid-trimester preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM): etiology, diagnosis, classification, international recommendations of treatment options and outcome. J Perinat Med. 2018;46(5):465–488. DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2017-0027

[76] Tchirikov M., Schlabritz-Loutsevitch N., Maher J. et al. Mid-trimester preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM): etiology, diagnosis, classification, international recommendations of treatment options and outcome // J. Perinat. Med. 2018. Vol. 46. No. 5. P. 465–488. DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2017-0027

[77] Menon R, McIntyre JO, Matrisian LM, Fortunato SJ. Salivary proteinase activity: a potential biomarker for preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;194(6):1609–1615. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.02.052

[78] Menon R., McIntyre J.O., Matrisian L.M., Fortunato S.J. Salivary proteinase activity: a potential biomarker for preterm premature rupture of the membranes // Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2006. Vol. 194. No. 6. P. 1609–1615. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.02.052

[79] Savasan ZA, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, et al. Evidence in support of a role for anti-angiogenic factors in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2010;23(8):828–841. DOI: 10.3109/14767050903440471

[80] Savasan Z.A., Romero R., Chaiworapongsa T. et al. Evidence in support of a role for anti-angiogenic factors in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes // J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal. Med. 2010. Vol. 23. No. 8. P. 828–841. DOI: 10.3109/14767050903440471

[81] Patent RUS No. 2018261 / 30.08.94. Gromova AM, Khasin AZ. Sposob prognozirovaniya prezhdevremennogo izlitiya okoloplodnykh vod. [cited 2020 Dec 29]. Available from: https://new.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPAT&DocNumber=2018261&TypeFile=html. (In Russ.)

[82] Патент РФ на изобретение № 2018261 / 30.08.94. Громова А.М., Хасин А.З. Способ прогнозирования преждевременного излития околоплодных вод. [Patent RUS №2018261 / 30.08.94. [дата обращения: 29.12.2020]. Доступ по ссылке: https://new.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPAT&DocNumber=2018261&TypeFile=html

[83] Odibo AO, Talucci M, Berghella V. Prediction of preterm premature rupture of membranes by transvaginal ultrasound features and risk factors in a high-risk population. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2002;20(3):245–251. DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00759.x

[84] Odibo A.O., Talucci M., Berghella V. Prediction of preterm premature rupture of membranes by transvaginal ultrasound features and risk factors in a high-risk population // Ultrasound. Obstet. Gynecol. 2002. Vol. 20. No. 3. P. 245–251. DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00759.x

[85] Canda MT, Demir N, Sezer O. Fetal nasal bone length as a novel marker for prediction of adverse perinatal outcomes in the first-trimester of pregnancy. Balkan Med J. 2017;34(2):127–131. DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.2016.0133

[86] Canda M.T., Demir N., Sezer O. Fetal nasal bone length as a novel marker for prediction of adverse perinatal outcomes in the first-trimester of pregnancy // Balkan. Med. J. 2017. Vol. 34. No. 2. P. 127–131. DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.2016.0133

[87] Astaf’ev VV, Nazarov SV, Li AD, Podzolkova NM. Modern condition of the problem of the premature rupture of membranes during full-term pregnancy (Review of literature). VF Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2017;4(4):187–193. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18821/2313-8726-2017-4-4-187-193

[88] Астафьев В.В., Назарова С.В., Ли А.Д., Подзолкова Н.М. Современное состояние проблемы преждевременного излития околоплодных вод при доношенной беременности (обзор литературы) // Архив акушерства и гинекологии им. В.Ф. Снегирёва. 2017. Т. 4. № 4. С. 187–193. DOI: 10.18821/2313-8726-2017-4-4-187-193

[89] Kulavskij VA, Kulavskij EV, Beglov VI, Ziganshin AM. Influence dystonia on pregnancy and birth outcomes. Mat’ i ditja v Kuzbasse. 2015;61(2):59–62. (In Russ.)

[90] Кулавский В.А., Кулавский Е.В., Беглов В.И., Зиганшин А.М. Влияние вегетососудистой дистонии на течение беременности и исход родов // Мать и дитя в Кузбассе. 2015. Т. 61. № 2. С. 59–62.

[91] Wang H, Parry S, Macones G, et al. Functionally significant SNP MMP8 promoter haplotypes and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Hum Mol Genet. 2004;13(21):2659–2669. DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddh287

[92] Wang H., Parry S., Macones G. et al. Functionally significant SNP MMP8 promoter haplotypes and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) // Hum. Mol. Genet. 2004. Vol. 13. No. 21. P. 2659–2669. DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddh287

[93] Knjazeva TP. Causes and risk factors of premature rupture of membranes. Dal’nevostochnyj medicinskij zhurnal. 2016;2:128–135. (In Russ.)

[94] Князева Т.П. Причины и факторы риска преждевременного разрыва плодных оболочек // Дальневосточный медицинский журнал. 2016. № 2. С. 128–135.

[95] Nikolaeva MG, Serdjuk GV, Grigor’eva EE. The role of type I plasminogen activator inhibitor gene polymorphism as a risk factor for premature rupture of membranes in full-term pregnancy. Bjulleten’ sibirskoj mediciny. 2013;12(6):43–47. (In Russ.)

[96] Николаева М.Г., Сердюк Г.В., Григорьева Е.Е. Роль полиморфизма гена ингибитора активатора плазминогена I типа как фактор риска преждевременного разрыва плодных оболочек при доношенной беременности // Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2013. Т. 12. № 6. С. 43–47.

[97] Fujimoto T, Parry S, Urbanek M, et al. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) promoter influences amnion cell MMP-1 expression and risk for preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(8):6296–6302. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M107865200

[98] Fujimoto T., Parry S., Urbanek M. et al. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) promoter influences amnion cell MMP-1 expression and risk for preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes // J. Biol. Chem. 2002. Vol. 277. No. 8. P. 6296–6302. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M107865200

[99] Fortunato SJ, Menon R, Bryant C, Lombardi SJ. Programmed cell death (apoptosis) as a possible pathway to metalloproteinase activation and fetal membrane degradation in premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;182(6):1468–1476. DOI: 10.1067/mob.[phone]

[100] Fortunato S.J., Menon R., Bryant C., Lombardi S.J. Programmed cell death (apoptosis) as a possible pathway to metalloproteinase activation and fetal membrane degradation in premature rupture of membranes // Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2000. Vol. 182. No. 6. P. 1468–1476. DOI: 10.1067/mob.[phone]

[101] Sagol S, Sagol O, Ozkal S, Asena U. Role of apoptosis, bcl-2 and bax protein expression in premature rupture of fetal membranes. J Reprod Med. 2002;47(10):809–815.

[102] Sagol S., Sagol O., Ozkal S., Asena U. Role of apoptosis, bcl-2 and bax protein expression in premature rupture of fetal membranes // J. Reprod. Med. 2002. Vol. 47. No. 10. P. 809–815.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eсо-Vector