Assessment of actual nutrition in the first trimester of pregnancy as a premorbid indicator

Abstract

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the actual nutrition of pregnant women in the first trimester as the basis for a personalized approach to pregnancy management.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The actual nutrition during pregnancy was studied by analyzing the frequency of food consumption using the food weighing method, and the average daily indicators were calculated based on data for a period of one week. In total, 417 women were surveyed. The diet was characterized to identify deficiencies of the vitamins and minerals most significant for the reproductive system using the Individual Diet (My Body 3.0 version) software. Descriptive statistics methods were used to quantify the results. In the course of the work carried out, descriptive statistics methods were used.

RESULTS: The energy value of the daily diet of pregnant women averaged 2294.3 ± 487.21 kcal, which is within normal values (2070.0–3507.5 kcal / day), a surplus being observed in almost a third of the respondents (n = 118, 28.3%). The analysis of the diet showed that most of the patients had a deficiency in vitamins, macro- and microelements most significant for the reproductive system. On average, pregnant women consumed 155.0 ± 0.52 μg / day of folic acid with food, no woman receiving enough folic acid to prevent congenital malformations of the fetus. The average dietary intake of iodine was 70 μg / day. Thus, focusing on the recommendations for pregnant women, a diet deficient in iodine was observed in 90% of the respondents, and only five women (1.2%) consumed a sufficient amount of iodine-containing products. It was found that pregnant women consumed 5.9 ± 2.10 mg / day of zinc, with the recommended intake level of more than 12.5 mg / day not recorded in any woman. Iron deficiency was found in 289 respondents (69%). According to the survey results, more than half of the respondents (n = 269, 64.5%) had insufficient selenium intake. Calcium deficiency was registered in half of pregnant women (n = 210, 50.0%). Only every tenth woman (n = 48, 10.0%) consumed a sufficient amount of calcium containing food. Poor magnesium consumption was rarer and was found in only one third of the respondents (n = 135, 32.0%).

CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained indicate the need to study the individual level of actually consumed vitamins and nutrients, which may be the basis for personalized selection of drugs and efficient microelement dosing strategy.

Keywords

pregnancy / eating behavior / vitamin deficiency / trace elements

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