Alkaline hydrogen peroxide solutions: expectorant, pyolytic, mucolytic, haemolytic, oxygen-releasing, and decolorizing effects

Abstract

The local action of hydrogen peroxide solutions on such dense biological masses, such as pus, mucus, sputum, and blood clots, is influenced not only by the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide but also by the alkalinity of the solution and the temperature of the interaction medium. Increasing the solution’s temperature from 24°C–26°C to 45°C–55°C and its alkalinity from pH 7.0 to 8.4–8.5 enhances the pyolytic, mucolytic, hemolytic, bleaching, and oxygen-releasing activity of hydrogen peroxide solutions. Simple heating achieves the desired level of hyperthermia, while the addition of sodium bicarbonate provides the indicated alkalinity.

Hyperthermia, according to the laws of physics, reduces the viscosity of biological masses, increasing their fluidity, permeability to the antiseptic solution, miscibility, and solubility in it. Furthermore, hyperthermia accelerates the rate of chemical, physicochemical, and biochemical processes, according to the Arrhenius law. The elevated temperature of interacting media speeds up the alkaline saponification process of proteins and protein-lipid complexes, which constitute the colloidal basis of biological masses. Additionally, hyperthermia intensifies the enzymatic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas, facilitated by the enzyme catalase present in most biological masses. The released molecular oxygen generates gas bubbles that mimic cold boiling, leading to the “explosion” of biological masses, transforming them into a fluffy white foam.

Oxygen in an alkaline environment oxidizes biological pigments, including hemoglobin and its metabolites of different colors, resulting in their discoloration.

Keywords

oxygen / mucolytics / expectorants / pyolytics / hemolytics / bleachers

References

[1] Kharkevich DA. Farmakologiya: uchebnik. 12th edition. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2018. 760 p. (In Russ.)

[2] Харкевич Д.А. Фармакология: учебник. 12-е изд. Москва: ГЕОТАР-Медиа, 2018. 760 с.

[3] Katzung B, Trevor A. Basic and clinical pharmacology. 15th edition. McGraw-Hill, 2020.

[4] Katzung B., Trevor A. Basic and clinical pharmacology. 15th edit. McGraw-Hill, 2020.

[5] Humayun T, Qureshi A, Al Roweily SF, et al. Efficacy of hydrogen peroxide fumigation in improving disinfection of hospital rooms and reducing the number of microorganisms. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2019;31(S1–4):S646–S650.

[6] Humayun T., Qureshi A., Al Roweily S.F., et al. Efficacy of hydrogen peroxide fumigation in improving disinfection of hospital rooms and reducing the number of microorganisms // J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2019. Vol. 31, No. S1–4. P. S646–S650.

[7] Blazejewski C, Wallet F, Rouzé A, et al. Efficiency of hydrogen peroxide in improving disinfection of ICU rooms. Crit Care. 2015;19(1):30. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0752-9

[8] Blazejewski C., Wallet F., Rouzé A., et al. Efficiency of hydrogen peroxide in improving disinfection of ICU rooms // Crit Care. 2015. Vol. 19, No. 1. ID30. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0752-9

[9] Goyal SM, Chander Y, Yezli S, Otter JA. Evaluating the virucidal efficacy of hydrogen peroxide vapour. J Hosp Infect. 2014;86(4): 255–259. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.02.003

[10] Goyal S.M., Chander Y., Yezli S., Otter J.A. Evaluating the virucidal efficacy of hydrogen peroxide vapour // J Hosp Infect. 2014. Vol. 86, No. 4. P. 255–259. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.02.003

[11] Patel V, Kelleher M, McGurk M. Clinical use of hydrogen peroxide in surgery and dentistry — Why is there a safety issue? Br Dent J. 2010;208(2):61–64. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2010.51

[12] Patel V., Kelleher M., McGurk M. Clinical use of hydrogen peroxide in surgery and dentistry — Why is there a safety issue? // Br Dent J. 2010. Vol. 208, No. 2. P. 61–64. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2010.51

[13] Mahran AM, Twisy HO, Elghazally SA, Badran AY. Evaluation of different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide solution (3 % and 6 %) as a potential new therapeutic option of nongenital warts: A randomized controlled triple-blinded clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(2):416–422. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13021

[14] Mahran A.M., Twisy H.O., Elghazally S.A., Badran A.Y. Evaluation of different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide solution (3 % and 6 %) as a potential new therapeutic option of nongenital warts: A randomized controlled triple-blinded clinical trial // J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020. Vol. 19, No. 2. P. 416–422. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13021

[15] Yeroushalmi S, Shirazi JY, Friedman A. New developments in bacterial, viral, and fungal cutaneous infections. Curr Dermatol Rep. 2020;9(2):152–165. DOI: 10.1007/s13671-020-00295-1

[16] Yeroushalmi S., Shirazi J.Y., Friedman A. New developments in bacterial, viral, and fungal cutaneous infections // Curr Dermatol Rep. 2020. Vol. 9, No. 2. P. 152–165. DOI: 10.1007/s13671-020-00295-1

[17] Ionescu AC, Brambilla E, Manzoli L, et al. Efficacy of personal protective equipment and H2O2-based spray against coronavirus in dental setting. Oral Dis. 2020;28(S1):1010–1012. DOI: 10.1111/odi.13736

[18] Ionescu A.C., Brambilla E., Manzoli L., et al. Efficacy of personal protective equipment and H2O2-based spray against coronavirus in dental setting // Oral Dis. 2020. Vol. 28, No. S1. P. 1010–1012. DOI: 10.1111/odi.13736

[19] Schianchi R, Nazzaro G, Veraldi S. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with hydrogen peroxide. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2018;43(1): 66–67. DOI: 10.1111/ced.13250

[20] Schianchi R., Nazzaro G., Veraldi S. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with hydrogen peroxide // Clin Exp Dermatol. 2018. Vol. 43, No. 1. P. 66–67. DOI: 10.1111/ced.13250

[21] Semkova K, Palamaras I, Robles W. Hydrogen peroxide 1 % cream under occlusion for treatment of molluscum contagiosum in an 8-month-old infant: an effective and safe treatment option. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2014;39(4):560–561. DOI: 10.1111/ced.12344

[22] Semkova K., Palamaras I., Robles W. Hydrogen peroxide 1 % cream under occlusion for treatment of molluscum contagiosum in an 8-month-old infant: an effective and safe treatment option // Clin Exp Dermatol. 2014. Vol. 39, No. 4. P. 560–561. DOI: 10.1111/ced.12344

[23] Rai S, Gupta TP, Shaki O, Kale A. Hydrogen peroxide: Its use in an extensive acute wound to promote wound granulation and infection control — is it better than normal saline? Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2021;15347346211032555. DOI: 10.1177/15347346211032555

[24] Rai S., Gupta T.P., Shaki O., Kale A. Hydrogen peroxide: Its use in an extensive acute wound to promote wound granulation and infection control — is it better than normal saline? // Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2021. ID 15347346211032555. DOI: 10.1177/15347346211032555

[25] Wasserbauer S, Perez-Meza D, Chao R. Hydrogen peroxide and wound healing: a theoretical and practical review for hair transplant surgeons. Dermatol Surg. 2008;34(6):745–750. DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34141.x

[26] Wasserbauer S., Perez-Meza D., Chao R. Hydrogen peroxide and wound healing: a theoretical and practical review for hair transplant surgeons // Dermatol Surg. 2008. Vol. 34, No. 6. P. 745–750. DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34141.x

[27] Zhu G, Wang Q, Lu S, Niu Y. Hydrogen peroxide: A potential wound therapeutic target? Med Princ Pract. 2017;26(4):301–308. DOI: 10.1159/000475501

[28] Zhu G., Wang Q., Lu S., Niu Y. Hydrogen peroxide: A potential wound therapeutic target? // Med Princ Pract. 2017. Vol. 26, No. 4. P. 301–308. DOI: 10.1159/000475501

[29] Sukovatykh BS, Grigoryan AY, Bezhin AI, et al. Efficacy of immobilized prolonged ammonium antiseptics in treatment of purulent wounds. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery. 2017;10(4):269–276. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.18499/2070-478X-2017-10-4-269-276

[30] Суковатых Б.С., Григорьян А.Ю., Бежин А.И., и др. Эффективность иммобилизированных пролонгированных аммониевых антисептиков в лечении гнойных ран // Вестник экспериментальной и клинической хирургии. 2017. Т. 10, № 4. C. 269–276. DOI: 10.18499/2070-478X-2017-10-4-269-276

[31] Watt BE, Proudfoot AT, Vale JA. Hydrogen peroxide poisoning. Toxicol Rev. 2004;23(1):51–57. DOI: 10.2165/00139709-200423010-00006

[32] Watt B.E., Proudfoot A.T., Vale J.A. Hydrogen peroxide poisoning // Toxicol Rev. 2004. Vol. 23, No. 1. P. 51–57. DOI: 10.2165/00139709-200423010-00006

[33] draxe.com [Internet]. Hydrogen peroxide uses for skin, mouth and home. Available at: https://draxe.com/health/hydrogen-peroxide/

[34] draxe.com [Электронный ресурс]. Hydrogen peroxide uses for skin, mouth and home. Режим доступа: https://draxe.com/health/hydrogen-peroxide/

[35] Chacra ZA, Manoukian JJ, Al-Qahtani K, et al. Hydrogen peroxide mouth rinse: an analgesic post-tonsillectomy. J Otholaringol. 2005;34(3):178–182. DOI: 10.2310/7070.2005.04060

[36] Chacra Z.A., Manoukian J.J., Al-Qahtani K., et al. Hydrogen peroxide mouth rinse: an analgesic post-tonsillectomy // J Otolaryngol. 2005. Vol. 34, No. 3. P. 178–182. DOI: 10.2310/7070.2005.04060

[37] Thejas SR, Vinayak R, Sindu M. Hydrogen peroxide as a hemostatic agent in tonsillectomy: Is it beneficial? Saudi J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;23(1):36–40. DOI:10.4103/sjoh.sjoh_40_20

[38] Thejas S.R., Vinayak R., Sindu M. Hydrogen peroxide as a hemostatic agent in tonsillectomy: Is it beneficial? // Saudi J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021. Vol. 23, No. 1. P. 36–40. DOI:10.4103/sjoh.sjoh_40_20

[39] McDonnell G, Russell AD. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12(1):147–179. DOI: 10.1128/cmr.12.1.147

[40] McDonnell G., Russell A.D. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance // Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999. Vol. 12, No. 1. P. 147–179. DOI: 10.1128/cmr.12.1.147

[41] Urakov A, Urakova N, Nikolenko V, et al. Current and emerging methods for treatment of hemoglobin related cutaneous discoloration: a literature review. Heliyon. 2021;7(1): e059542. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05954

[42] Urakov A., Urakova N., Nikolenko V., et al. Current and emerging methods for treatment of hemoglobin related cutaneous discoloration: a literature review // Heliyon. 2021. Vol. 7, No. 1. ID e059542. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05954

[43] de Menezes MN, Kogawa AC, Salgado HRN. Status of hydrogen peroxide solution 10 V in commercialized samples. Pharm Anal Acta. 2017;8(10):1000567. DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000567

[44] de Menezes M.N., Kogawa A.C., Salgado H.R.N. Status of hydrogen peroxide solution 10 V in commercialized samples // Pharm Anal Acta. 2017. Vol. 8, No. 10. ID 1000567. DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000567

[45] Urakov A, Shabanov P, Lovtsova L. Development of New Generation Drugs by Enriching Them with Gases”. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2023;35(3)7–16. DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i37315

[46] Urakov A., Shabanov P., Lovtsova L. Development of New Generation Drugs by Enriching Them with Gases” // Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2023. Vol. 35, No. 3. P. 7–16. DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i37315

[47] Abdollahi M, Hossein A. Hydrogen peroxide. Wexler P, editor. Encyclopedia of toxicology. 3rd edit. Academic Press, 2014. P. 967–970. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-386454-3.00736-3

[48] Abdollahi M., Hossein A. Hydrogen peroxide. Encyclopedia of toxicology. 3rd edit. / Wexler P., editor. Academic Press, 2014. P. 967–970. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-386454-3.00736-3

[49] healthimpactnews.com [Internet]. Safe and effective natural remedy for the flu: over the counter hydrogen peroxide. Available at: https://healthimpactnews.com/2018/safe-and-effective-natural-remedy-for-the-flu-over-the-counter-hydrogen-peroxide/

[50] healthimpactnews.com [Электронный ресурс]. Safe and effective natural remedy for the flu: over the counter hydrogen peroxide. Режим доступа: https://healthimpactnews.com/2018/safe-and-effective-natural-remedy-for-the-flu-over-the-counter-hydrogen-peroxide/

[51] Harris MG, Gan CM, Long DA, Cushing LA. The pH of over-the-counter hydrogen peroxide in soft lens disinfection systems. Optom Vis Sci. 1989;66(12):839–842. DOI: 10.1097/00006324-198912000-00007

[52] Harris M.G., Gan C.M., Long D.A., Cushing L.A. The pH of over-the-counter hydrogen peroxide in soft lens disinfection systems // Optom Vis Sci. 1989. Vol. 66, No. 12. P. 839–842. DOI: 10.1097/00006324-198912000-00007

[53] Urakov A, Urakova N. Rheology and physical-chemical characteristics of the solutions of the medicines. J Phys Conf Ser. 2015;602:012043. DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/602/1/01204

[54] Urakov A., Urakova N. Rheology and physical-chemical characteristics of the solutions of the medicines // J Phys Conf Ser. 2015. Vol. 602. ID012043. DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/602/1/01204

[55] Urakov AL. The change of physical-chemical factors of the local interaction with the human body as the basis for the creation of materials with new properties. Epitőanyag — Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials. 2015;67(1):2–6. DOI: 10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2015.1. 263

[56] Urakov A.L. The change of physical-chemical factors of the local interaction with the human body as the basis for the creation of materials with new properties // Epitőanyag — Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials. 2015. Vol. 67, No. 1. P. 2–6. DOI: 10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2015.1.263

[57] Urakov AL. Development of new materials and structures based on managed physical-chemical factors of local interaction. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2016;123:012008. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/123/1/012008

[58] Urakov A.L. Development of new materials and structures based on managed physical-chemical factors of local interaction // IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2016. Vol. 123. ID 012008. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/123/1/012008

[59] Urakov A, Urakova N, Reshetnikov A, et al. Solvents of pus-medicines with physical-chemical aggressive action. J Phys Conf Ser. 2017;790:012033. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/790/1/01203

[60] Urakov A., Urakova N., Reshetnikov A., et al. Solvents of pus-medicines with physical-chemical aggressive action // J Phys Conf Ser. 2017. Vol. 790. ID 012033. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/790/1/01203

[61] Urakov AL. Pus solvents as new drugs with unique physical and chemical properti. Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2019;17(4):89–95. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17816/RCF17489-95

[62] Ураков А.Л. Растворители гноя как новые лекарственные средства с уникальными физико-химическими свойствами // Обзоры по клинической фармакологии и лекарственной терапии. 2019. Т. 17, № 4. C. 89–95. DOI: 10.17816/RCF17489-95

[63] Urakov AL. Tablet as a pharmaceutical form of medicinal products intended for administration inside: advantages and disadvantages. Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2018;16(3):13–18. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17816/RCF16313-18

[64] Ураков А.Л. Таблетка как лекарственная форма лекарственных средств, предназначенная для введения их внутрь: достоинства и недостатки // Обзоры по клинической фармакологии и лекарственной терапии. 2018. Т. 16, № 3. C. 13–18. DOI: 10.17816/RCF16313-18

[65] Urakov AL. Medicines in pharmaceutical form “solution for injection” and the injection of drugs: advantages and limitations. Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2019;17(2): 79–84. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17816/RCF17279-84

[66] Ураков А.Л. Лекарства в фармацевтической форме «раствор для инъекций» и инъекционное введение лекарств: преимущества и ограничения // Обзоры по клинической фармакологии и лекарственной терапии. 2019. Т. 17, № 2. C. 79–84. DOI: 10.17816/RCF17279-84

[67] Urakov AL, Urakova NA, Alyes MYu, et al. Physicochemical activity of solutions as an integral part of the mechanism of local drug action. Farmatsiya. 2019;68(6):43–49. (In Russ.)

[68] Ураков А.Л., Уракова Н.А., Альес М.Ю., и др. Физико-химическая активность растворов как составная часть механизма местного действия лекарств // Фармация. 2019. Т. 68, № 6. С. 43–49.

[69] Urakov AL, Urakova NA, Mikhailova NA, Reshetnikov AP. Nonspecific properties of tablets, affecting the transport and action of drugs in the oral cavity, stomach, and intestine. Meditsinskaya pomoshch’. 2007;(5):49–52. (In Russ.)

[70] Ураков А.Л., Уракова Н.А., Михайлова Н.А., Решетников А.П. Неспецифические свойства таблеток, влияющие на перемещение и действие лекарств в ротовой полости, желудке и кишечнике // Медицинская помощь. 2007. № 5. С. 49–52.

[71] Urakov AL, Strelkov NS, Urakova NA, Benderskaya EJ. Physico-chemical and biophysical factors of post-injection aggression of the drug solutions in infiltrated tissues and methods of necrosis prevention. Pathological physiology and experimental therapy. 2010;(1): 20–24. (In Russ.)

[72] Ураков А.Л., Стрелков Н.С., Уракова Н.А., Бендерская Е.Ю. Физико-химические и биофизические факторы постинъекционной агрессивности растворов лекарственных средств в инфильтрированных тканях и способы предотвращения некрозов // Патологическая физиология и экспериментальная терапия. 2010. № 1. С. 20–24.

[73] Urakov AL. Physico-chemical pharmacology, or non-specific local action of medicines. The journal of scientific articles health and education millennium. 2014;2(16):18–20. (In Russ.)

[74] Ураков А.Л. Физико-химическая фармакология или неспецифическое местное действие лекарственных средств // Журнал научных статей здоровье и образование в ХХI веке. 2014. Т. 2, № 16. С. 18–20.

[75] Urakova NA. Temperature, osmotic and acidic activity of infusion solutions as an integral part of their mechanism of action. Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2021;19(2): 175–182. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17816/RCF192175-182

[76] Уракова Н.А. Температурная, осмотическая и кислотная активность инфузионных растворов как составная часть механизма их действия // Обзоры по клинической фармакологии и лекарственной терапии. 2021. Т. 19, № 2. C. 175–182. DOI: 10.17816/RCF192175-182

[77] uspnf.com [Internet]. United States pharmacopeia 36 and national formulary 31. 2013. Available at: https://www.uspnf.com/official-text/proposal-statuscommentary/usp-36-nf-31

[78] uspnf.com [Электронный ресурс]. United States pharmacopeia 36 and national formulary 31. 2013. Режим доступа: https://www.uspnf.com/official-text/proposal-statuscommentary/usp-36-nf-31

[79] Urakov AL. Osnovy klinicheskoi farmakologii. Izhevsk: Izhevskii poligrafkombinat, 1997. 163 p. (In Russ.)

[80] Ураков А.Л. Основы клинической фармакологии. Ижевск: Ижевский полиграфкомбинат, 1997. 163 с.

[81] Urakov AL, Shabanov PD, Gurevich KG, Lovtsova LV. Supplementing traditional drug formulation with the “needed” gases opens the way for the development of a new generation of drugs. Psychopharmacology and biological narcology. 2023;14(1):5–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn321616

[82] Ураков А.Л., Шабанов П.Д., Гуревич К.Г., Ловцова Л.В. Дополнение традиционной рецептуры лекарственных препаратов «нужными» газами открывает путь к разработке лекарств нового поколения // Психофармакология и биологическая наркология. 2023. Т. 14. № 1. С. 5–14. DOI: 10.17816/phbn321616

[83] Urakov AL, Urakova NA, Stolyarenko AP. How to turn an old medicine into a new medicine. J Bio Innov. 2020;9(5):774–777. DOI: 10.46344/JBINO

[84] Urakov A.L., Urakova N.A., Stolyarenko A.P. How to turn an old medicine into a new medicine // J Bio Innov. 2020. Vol. 9, No. 5. P. 774–777. DOI: 10.46344/JBINO

[85] Urakov A, Urakova N, Fisher E, et al. Post-injection complications. Nicolau syndrome as a consequence of local irritant effects of drugs, including antiseptics, local anesthetics, NSAIDs, steroids and anticoagulants. J Pharm Res Int. 2022;34(33A):26–36. DOI: 10.9734/JPRI/2022/v34i33A36123

[86] Urakov A., Urakova N., Fisher E., et al. Post-injection complications. Nicolau syndrome as a consequence of local irritant effects of drugs, including antiseptics, local anesthetics, NSAIDs, steroids and anticoagulants // J Pharm Res Int. 2022. Vol. 34, No. 33A. P. 26–36. DOI: 10.9734/JPRI/2022/v34i33A36123

[87] Urakov AL, Urakova NA, Terekhov VZ, et al. Skhema postmortal’noi farmakologicheskoi ehkspertizy pravil’nosti vybora, ehffektivnosti i bezopasnosti naznacheniya lekarstvennykh sredstv pri gospital’noi smerti patsientov. Problemy ehkspertizy v meditsine. 2002;(1):17–18. (In Russ.)

[88] Ураков А.Л., Уракова Н.А., Терехов В.З., и др. Схема постмортальной фармакологической экспертизы правильности выбора, эффективности и безопасности назначения лекарственных средств при госпитальной смерти пациентов // Проблемы экспертизы в медицине. 2002. № 1. С. 17–18.

[89] Strelkov NS, Urakov AL, Korovyakov AP, et al. Postmortal’naya kliniko-farmakologicheskaya otsenka vliyaniya vvedennykh v venu rastvorov lekarstvennykh sredstv na protsess prizhiznennogo razvitiya atsidoza ili alkaloza. Problemy ehkspertizy v meditsine. 2002;(3):12–14. (In Russ.)

[90] Стрелков Н.С., Ураков А.Л., Коровяков А.П., и др. Постмортальная клинико-фармакологическая оценка влияния введенных в вену растворов лекарственных средств на процесс прижизненного развития ацидоза или алкалоза // Проблемы экспертизы в медицине. 2002. № 3. С. 12–14.

[91] Korepanova MV, Korovyakov AP, Urakova NA, Urakov AL. Osmoticheskaya aktivnost’ gotovykh rastvorov lekarstvennykh sredstv kak pokazatel’ ikh kachestva. Modern problems of science and education. 2002;(2):95. (In Russ.)

[92] Корепанова М.В., Коровяков А.П., Уракова Н.А., Ураков А.Л. Осмотическая активность готовых растворов лекарственных средств как показатель их качества // Успехи современного естествознания. 2002. № 2. С. 95.

[93] Urakov AL, Korovyakov AP, Korepanova MV, et al. Postmortal’naya kliniko-farmakologicheskaya otsenka vliyaniya infuzionno vvedennykh v statsionare rastvorov lekarstvennykh sredstv na protsess prizhiznennogo razvitiya gipo- ili giperoosmoticheskoi komy. Problemy ehkspertizy v meditsine. 2001;(2):22–24. (In Russ.)

[94] Ураков А.Л., Коровяков А.П., Корепанова М.В., и др. Постмортальная клинико-фармакологическая оценка влияния инфузионно введенных в стационаре растворов лекарственных средств на процесс прижизненного развития гипо- или гипероосмотической комы // Проблемы экспертизы в медицине. 2001. № 2. С. 22–24.

[95] Thenard G. Der tropfbar flüssige Sauerstoff, oder das oxygenierte Wasser. Ann Phys. 1820;64(1):1–30. (In German) DOI: 10.1002/andp.18200640102

[96] Thenard G. Der tropfbar flüssige Sauerstoff, oder das oxygenierte Wasser // Ann Phys. 1820. Vol. 64, No. 1. P. 1–30. DOI: 10.1002/andp.18200640102

[97] Koppenol WH. Hydrogen peroxide, a molecule with a Janus face: Its history, chemistry, and biology. Vissers MCM, Kettle AJ, Hampton MB, editors. Hydrogen peroxide metabolism in health and disease. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, 2018. P. 3–16. DOI:10.1201/9781315154831-3

[98] Koppenol W.H. Hydrogen peroxide, a molecule with a Janus face: Its history, chemistry, and biology. Hydrogen peroxide metabolism in health and disease. Ed. by M.C.M. Vissers, A.J. Kettle, M.B. Hampton. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, 2018. P. 3–16. DOI:10.1201/9781315154831-3

[99] Semashko NA, editor. Perekis’ vodoroda. Bol’shaya meditsinskaya ehntsiklopediya. Moscow, 1970. (In Russ.)

[100] Перекись водорода. Большая медицинская энциклопедия / под ред. Н.А. Семашко. Москва, 1970.

[101] Douglass WC II. Hydrogen peroxide — Medical Miracle. Rhino Publishing, 2010. 198 p.

[102] Douglass W.C. II. Hydrogen peroxide — Medical Miracle. Rhino Publishing, 2010. 198 p.

[103] Mihailidis TH. The use of hydrogen peroxide in the treatment of burn wound infection: a systematic review, and survey of current clinical practice in the United Kingdom. Int J Burns Trauma. 2020;10(2):38–46.

[104] Mihailidis T.H. The use of hydrogen peroxide in the treatment of burn wound infection: a systematic review, and survey of current clinical practice in the United Kingdom // Int J Burns Trauma. 2020. Vol. 10, No. 2. P. 38–46.

[105] Winterbourn CC. The biological chemistry of hydrogen peroxide. Meth Enzymol. 2013;528:3–25. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-405881-1.00001-X

[106] Winterbourn C.C. The biological chemistry of hydrogen peroxide // Meth Enzymol. 2013. Vol. 528. P. 3–25. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-405881-1.00001-X

[107] Urban MV, Rath T, Radtke C. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2): a review of its use in surgery. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift. 2019;169(9–10):222–225. DOI: 10.1007/s10354-017-0610-2

[108] Urban M.V., Rath T., Radtke C. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2): a review of its use in surgery // Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift. 2019. Vol. 169, No. 9–10. P. 222–225. DOI: 10.1007/s10354-017-0610-2

[109] Gupta S, Mujawdiya P, Maheshwari G, Sagar S. Dynamic role of oxygen in wound healing: a microbial, immunological, and biochemical perspective. Arch Raz Inst. 2022;77(2):513–523. DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2022.357230.2003

[110] Gupta S., Mujawdiya P., Maheshwari G., Sagar S. Dynamic role of oxygen in wound healing: a microbial, immunological, and biochemical perspective // Arch Raz Inst. 2022. Vol. 77, No. 2. P. 513–523. DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2022.357230.2003

[111] Gruber RP, Vistnes L, Pardoe R. The effect of commonly used antiseptics on wound healing. Plast Reconst Surg. 1975;55(4):472–476. DOI: 10.1097/00006534-197555040-00013

[112] Gruber R.P., Vistnes L., Pardoe R. The effect of commonly used antiseptics on wound healing // Plast Reconst Surg. 1975. Vol. 55, No. 4. P. 472–476. DOI: 10.1097/00006534-197555040-00013

[113] Kalloo AN, Canto MI, Wadwa KS, et al. Clinical usefulness of 3 % hydrogen peroxide in acute upper GI bleeding: a pilot study. Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;49(4-1):518–521. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(99)70055-6

[114] Kalloo A.N., Canto M.I., Wadwa K.S., et al. Clinical usefulness of 3 % hydrogen peroxide in acute upper GI bleeding: a pilot study // Gastrointest Endosc. 1999. Vol. 49, No. 4-1. P. 518–521. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(99)70055-6

[115] Wu DC, Lu CY, Lu CH, et al. Endoscopic hydrogen peroxide spray may facilitate localization of the bleeding site in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy. 1999;31(3):237–241. DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-13675

[116] Wu D.C., Lu C.Y., Lu C.H., et al. Endoscopic hydrogen peroxide spray may facilitate localization of the bleeding site in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding // Endoscopy. 1999. Vol. 31, No. 3. P. 237–241. DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-13675

[117] Chen H, Yang J-S, Zou P, et al. Safety and efficacy of hydrogen peroxide in controlling blood loss and surgical site infection after multisegmental lumbar spine surgery: A retrospective, case-controlled study. World Neurosurg. 2020;133:e303–e307. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.09.005

[118] Chen H., Yang J.-S., Zou P., et al. Safety and efficacy of hydrogen peroxide in controlling blood loss and surgical site infection after multisegmental lumbar spine surgery: A retrospective, case-controlled study // World Neurosurg. 2020. Vol. 133. P. e303–e307. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.09.005

[119] Martin JV, Sugawa C. Hydrogen peroxide ingestion with injury to upper gastrointestinal tract. World J Clin Cases. 2017;5(10):378–381. DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v5.i10.378

[120] Martin J.V., Sugawa C. Hydrogen peroxide ingestion with injury to upper gastrointestinal tract // World J Clin Cases. 2017. Vol. 5, No. 10. P. 378–381. DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v5.i10.378

[121] Bodduluri VP, Gurevich KG, Urakov AL. Physico-chemical properties of antiseptics in surgery: what is not taken into account in treating long-term non-healing wounds. Creative surgery and oncology. 2021;11(3):256–259. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.24060/2076-3093-2021-11-3-256-259

[122] Bodduluri V.P., Гуревич К.Г., Ураков А.Л. Физико-химические свойства антисептических средств: что мы не учитываем в лечении длительно незаживающих ран // Креативная хирургия и онкология. 2021. Т. 11, № 3. С. 256–259. DOI: 10.24060/2076-3093-2021-11-3-256-259

[123] Altun H, Hancı D, Kumral TL, Uyar Y. The hemostatic efficacy of hydrogen peroxide irrigation to control intraoperative bleeding in adenoidectomy. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;56(4):193–198. DOI: 10.5152/tao.2018.2003

[124] Altun H., Hancı D., Kumral T.L., Uyar Y. The hemostatic efficacy of hydrogen peroxide irrigation to control intraoperative bleeding in adenoidectomy // Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018. Vol. 56, No. 4. P. 193–198. DOI: 10.5152/tao.2018.2003

[125] Chen H, Yang J, Liu T, et al. Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery. 2020;34(3):313–317. DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201905049

[126] Chen H., Yang J., Liu T., et al. Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi // Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery. 2020. Vol. 34, No. 3. P. 313–317. DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201905049

[127] Urakov AL. Creation of “necessary” mixtures of baking soda, hydrogen peroxide and warm water as a strategy for modernization bleaching cleaners of ceramic. Epitőanyag — Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials. 2020;72(1):30–35. DOI: 10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2020.6

[128] Urakov A.L. Creation of «necessary» mixtures of baking soda, hydrogen peroxide and warm water as a strategy for modernization bleaching cleaners of ceramic // Epitőanyag — Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials. 2020. Vol. 72, No. 1. P. 30–35. DOI: 10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2020.6

[129] Urakov AL, Shabanov PD. Acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2): A solution of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate as an expectorant for recanalization of the respiratory tract and blood oxygenation in respiratory obstruction (review). Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2021;19(4):383–393. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17816/RCF194383-393

[130] Ураков А.Л., Шабанов П.Д. Острый респираторный синдром-2 (SARS-CoV-2): Раствор перекиси водорода и гидрокарбоната натрия как отхаркивающее средство для реканализации дыхательных путей и оксигенации крови при респираторной обструкции (обзор научной и патентной литературы) // Обзоры по клинической фармакологии и лекарственной терапии. 2021. Т. 19, № 4. C. 383–393. DOI: 10.17816/RCF194383-393

[131] Urakov AL, Strelkov NS, Lipanov AM, et al. Binom N’yutona kak “formula” razvitiya meditsinskoi farmakologii. Izhevsk: Izdatel’stvo Instituta prikladnoi mekhaniki Ural’skogo otdeleniya RAN, 2007. 189 р. (In Russ.)

[132] Ураков А.Л., Стрелков Н.С., Липанов А.М., и др. Бином Ньютона как «формула» развития медицинской фармакологии. Ижевск: Издательство Института прикладной механики Уральского отделения РАН, 2007. 189 с.

[133] Dementiev VB, Urakov AL, Urakova NA, et al. Features of erosion of the pathological biological agent at its foaming, heating and alkalizing. Chemical Physics and Mesoscopy. 2009;11(2): 229–234. (In Russ.)

[134] Дементьев В.Б., Ураков А.Л., Уракова Н.А., и др. Особенности эрозии патологического биологического агента при его вспенивании, нагревании и защелачивании // Химическая физика и мезоскопия. 2009. Т. 11, № 2. С. 229–234.

[135] Urakov AL, Stolyarenko AP, Kopitov MV, Bashirov II. Dynamics of the local temperature of blood, pus, mucus and catalase solution when they interact with a solution of hydrogen peroxide in vitro. Thermology International. 2021;31(3):129–131.

[136] Urakov A.L., Stolyarenko A.P., Kopitov M.V., Bashirov I.I. Dynamics of the local temperature of blood, pus, mucus and catalase solution when they interact with a solution of hydrogen peroxide in vitro // Thermology International. 2021. Vol. 31, No. 3. P. 129–131.

[137] Humberston CL, Dean BS, Krenzelok EP. Ingestion of 35 % hydrogen peroxide. Clin Toxicol. 1990;28(1):95–100. DOI: 10.3109/15563659008993479

[138] Humberston C.L., Dean B.S., Krenzelok E.P. Ingestion of 35 % hydrogen peroxide // Clin Toxicol. 1990. Vol. 28, No. 1. P. 95–100. DOI: 10.3109/15563659008993479

[139] Xiao-Yan Y, Hong-Ying L. Hydrogen peroxide is a risk factor for occupational chemical poisoning. Chin Med J. 2021;134(7): 881–882. DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000001336

[140] Xiao-Yan Y., Hong-Ying L. Hydrogen peroxide is a risk factor for occupational chemical poisoning // Chin Med J. 2021. Vol. 134, No. 7. P. 881–882. DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000001336

[141] Urakova NA, Urakov AL, Chereshnev VA, et al. Gipergazirovannost’, giperbarichnost’, giperosmolyarnost’, gipertermichnost’, gipershchelochnost’ i vysokaya poverkhnostnaya aktivnost’ rastvora kak faktory povysheniya ego promyvochnoi aktivnosti. Chemical Physics and Mesoscopy. 2007;9(3):256–262. (In Russ.)

[142] Уракова Н.А., Ураков А.Л., Черешнев В.А., и др. Гипергазированность, гипербаричность, гиперосмолярность, гипертермичность, гиперщелочность и высокая поверхностная активность раствора как факторы повышения его промывочной активности // Химическая физика и мезоскопия. 2007. Т. 9, № 3. С. 256–262.

[143] Urakova NA, Urakov AL, Tolstolutskij AJ, Strelkov NS. Heating and alcfline solutions of antiseptic means raises efficiency of sanitation of purulent cavities. Bashkortostan Medical Journal. 2008;(2): 74–76. (In Russ.)

[144] Уракова Н.А., Ураков А.Л., Толстолуцкий А.Ю., Стрелков Н.С. Повышение эффективности санации гнойных полостей при нагревании и защелачивании растворов // Медицинский вестник Башкортостана. 2008. № 2. С. 74–76.

[145] Urakova NA, Urakov AL, Mikhailova NA, et al. 3% hydrogen peroxide solution heated to 42°C and saturated with sodium hydrocarbonate is the leader in thinning thick and viscid pus. Meditsinskaya pomoshch’. 2009;(1):46–48. (In Russ.)

[146] Уракова Н.А., Ураков А.Л., Михайлова Н.А., и др. Нагретый до 42 °C и насыщенный натрием гидрокарбонатом раствор 3 % перекиси водорода — лидер по разжижению густого и липкого гноя // Медицинская помощь. 2009. № 1. С. 46–48.

[147] Urakov AL, Novikov VE, Yushkov BG, et al. Hygienic “ear drops” and the safe way of dissolution of sulfuric stoppers from external acoustical pass. Ural medical journal. 2011;(6):142–145. (In Russ.)

[148] Ураков А.Л., Новиков В.Е., Юшков Б.Г., и др. Гигиенические «ушные капли» и безопасный способ удаления серных пробок из наружного слухового прохода // Уральский медицинский журнал. 2011. № 6. С. 142–145.

[149] Urakov AL, Urakova NA, Yushkov BG, et al. Gipertermia, gipergazation and giperalkalization of solutions as factors its piolitics activity. Journal of Ural Medical Academic Science. 2011;(1):84–87. (In Russ.)

[150] Ураков А.Л., Уракова Н.А., Юшков Б.Г., и др. Гипертермичность, гипергазированность и гиперщелочность растворов как факторы пиолитической активности // Вестник Уральской медицинской академической науки. 2011. № 1. С. 84–87.

[151] Urakov AL, Urakova NA. Original’nye sredstva gigieny dlya profilaktiki posleoperatsionnykh spaek, ehffektivnogo razzhizheniya gustykh gnoinykh mass, sernykh probok i sleznykh kamnei. Modern problems of science and education. 2013;(1). (In Russ.)

[152] Ураков А.Л., Уракова Н.А. Оригинальные средства гигиены для профилактики послеоперационных спаек, эффективного разжижения густых гнойных масс, серных пробок и слезных камней // Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2013. № 1.

[153] Urakov AL, Nikityuk DB. Solvents of pus. New drugs for the treatment of purulent diseases. Uspekhi sovremennogo estestvoznaniya. 2015;(1–7):1096–1101. (In Russ.)

[154] Ураков А.Л., Никитюк Д.Б. Растворители гноя. Новые лекарства для лечения гнойных болезней // Успехи современного естествознания. 2015. № 1–7. С. 1096–1101.

[155] Urakov AL, Yagudin II, Suntsova DO, et al. COVID-19: Thick pus, mucus and sputum with streaks of blood as a cause of airway obturation in SARS and oxygen-foaming pus solvent as a medicine for their recanalization. Acta Sci Women’s Health. 2021;3(5):75–77. DOI: 10.31080/ASWH.2021.03.0221

[156] Urakov A.L., Yagudin I.I., Suntsova D.O., et al. COVID-19: Thick pus, mucus and sputum with streaks of blood as a cause of airway obturation in SARS and oxygen-foaming pus solvent as a medicine for their recanalization // Acta Sci Women’s Health. 2021. Vol. 3, No. 5. P. 75–77. DOI: 10.31080/ASWH.2021.03.0221

[157] Urakov A, Urakova N, Reshetnikov A. Oxygen alkaline dental’s cleaners from tooth plaque, food debris, stains of blood and pus: A narrative review of the history of inventions. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2019;9(5):427–433. DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_296_19

[158] Urakov A., Urakova N., Reshetnikov A. Oxygen alkaline dental’s cleaners from tooth plaque, food debris, stains of blood and pus: A narrative review of the history of inventions // J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2019. Vol. 9, No. 5. P. 427–433. DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_296_19

[159] Urakov AL, Urakova N, Fisher EL, et al. Inhalation of an aerosol solution of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate for the urgent recanalization of the respiratory tract after blockage by mucus and pus. Journal of Modern Biology and Drug Discovery. 2022;1(2):1–14. DOI: 10.53964/jmbdd.2022002

[160] Urakov A.L., Urakova N., Fisher E.L., et al. Inhalation of an aerosol solution of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate for the urgent recanalization of the respiratory tract after blockage by mucus and pus // Journal of Modern Biology and Drug Discovery. 2022. Vol. 1, No. 2. P. 1–14. DOI: 10.53964/jmbdd.2022002

[161] Fisher E, Urakov A, Svetova M, et al. COVID-19: intrapulmonary alkaline hydrogen peroxide can immediately increase blood oxygenation. Med Cas. 2021;55(4):135–138. DOI: 10.5937/mskg55-3524

[162] Fisher E., Urakov A., Svetova M., et al. COVID-19: intrapulmonary alkaline hydrogen peroxide can immediately increase blood oxygenation // Med Cas. 2021. Vol. 55, No. 4. P. 135–138. DOI: 10.5937/mskg55-3524

[163] Urakov AL, Urakova NA. COVID-19: optimization of respiratory biomechanics by aerosol pus solvent. Russian Journal of Biomechanics. 2021;25(1):86–90. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15593/RJBiomech/2021.1.07

[164] Ураков А.Л., Уракова Н.А. COVID-19: оптимизация биомеханики дыхания аэрозолем растворителя гноя // Российский журнал биомеханики. 2021. Т. 25, № 1. С. 86–90. DOI: 10.15593/RJBiomech/2021.1.07

[165] Urakov AL, Urakova NA. COVID-19: application of intra-pulmonary injection of hydrogen peroxide solution eliminates hypoxia and normalizes respiratory biomechanics in respiratory obstruction. Russian Journal of Biomechanics. 2021;25(4):350–356. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15593/RJBiomech/2021.4.06

[166] Ураков А.Л., Уракова Н.А. COVID-19: Применение внутрилегочной инъекции раствора перекиси водорода для устранения гипоксии и нормализации биомеханики дыхания при респираторной обструкции // Российский журнал биомеханики. 2021. Т. 25, № 4. С. 350–356. DOI: 10.15593/RJBiomech/2021.4.06

[167] Urakov AL, Urakova NA, Yagudin II, et al. COVID-19: Artificial sputum, respiratory obstruction method and screening of pyolitic and antihypoxic drugs. BioImpacts. 2022;12(4):393–394. DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.23877

[168] Urakov A.L., Urakova N.A., Yagudin I.I., et al. COVID-19: Artificial sputum, respiratory obstruction method and screening of pyolitic and antihypoxic drugs // BioImpacts. 2022. Vol. 12, No. 4. P. 393–394. DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.23877

[169] Urakov AL, Urakova NA, Chernova LV. The influence of temperature, atmospheric pressure, antihypoxant and chemical “battery oxygen” on the sustainability of fish in the water without air. Mezhdunarodnyi zhurnal prikladnykh i fundamental’nykh issledovanii. 2014;(8–2):48–52. (In Russ.)

[170] Ураков А.Л., Уракова Н.А., Чернова Л.В. Влияние температуры, атмосферного давления, антигипоксантов и химического «аккумулятора кислорода» на жизнеспособность рыб в воде без доступа воздуха // Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований. 2014. № 8–2. С. 48–52.

[171] Urakov AL. Hydrogen peroxide can replace gaseous oxygen to keep fish alive in hypoxia. International Research Journal. 2017;(5):106–108. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.23670/IRJ.2017.59.109

[172] Ураков А.Л. Перекись водорода как заместитель кислорода, обеспечивающий жизнеспособность рыбы в условиях гипоксии // Международный научно-исследовательский журнал. 2017. № 5. С. 106–108. DOI: 10.23670/IRJ.2017.59.109

[173] Urakov AL, Urakova NA. Hydrogen peroxide discolors blood in the cavity of the hematoma under the nail and in the skin over the bruise. Regional blood circulation and microcirculation. 2020;19(2):67–74. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.24884/1682-6655-2020-19-2-67-74

[174] Ураков А.Л., Уракова Н.А. Перекись водорода обесцвечивает кровь в полости гематомы под ногтем и в толще кожи в области кровоподтека // Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция. 2020. Т. 19, № 2. С. 67–74. DOI: 10.24884/1682-6655-2020-19-2-67-74

[175] Urakov AL, Urakova NA, Shchemeleva AA, Fisher EL. Bruising and bleaching cosmetics. J Skin Stem Cell. 2022;9(1): e122867. DOI: 10.5812/jssc.122867

[176] Urakov A.L., Urakova N.A., Shchemeleva A.A., Fisher E.L. Bruising and bleaching cosmetics // J Skin Stem Cell. 2022. Vol. 9, No. 1. ID e122867. DOI: 10.5812/jssc.122867

[177] Urakov A, Urakova N. Recent insights into the management of inflammation in asthma [Letter]. J Inflamm Res. 2021;14: 4603–4604. DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S337690

[178] Urakov A., Urakova N. Recent insights into the management of inflammation in asthma [Letter] // J Inflamm Res. 2021. Vol. 14. P. 4603–4604. DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S337690

[179] Urakov A, Muhutdinov N, Yagudin I, et al. Brain hypoxia caused by respiratory obstruction which should not be forgotten in COVID-19 disease. Turk J Med Sci. 2022;52(5):1504–1505. DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5489

[180] Urakov A., Muhutdinov N., Yagudin I., et al. Brain hypoxia caused by respiratory obstruction wich should not be forgotten in COVID-19 disease // Turk J Med Sci. 2022. Vol. 52, No. 5. P. 1504–1505. DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5489

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

ECO-vector LLC