Role of chemokines in the antibacterial immune response development

Abstract

General immunopathological characteristics of an antibacterial immune response development were analyzed. Evolutional changes of mutual phagocytes and bacteria interaction were represented. Thus, the predominant effect of interleukin-8 on neutrophils is shown, while for macrophage chemotactic protein 1 there are monocytes and macrophages, which are typically under its effect. ELR-negative chemokines are lymphocytes’ chemotactic agents. Conversely, cell cooperation of monocytephagocyte system (neutronphils, monocytes, macrophages) with endotheliocytes is one of the key phagocytosis component, which is realized through cytokine-chemokine production and provides development of solid neutrophil adhesion phase and its transendotheliac barrier overcome. Betta 2-Integrins - Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen provides development of the next immunoinflammatory process stage with lymphocytes attraction to the focus of inflammation. The lack of the third and fourth proteins of the complimentary system prevents the development of solid adhesion phase; a Very Late Antigen-4 mediates selective basophil and eosinophil adhesion, playing an important role in allergic response development in bacterial infections. Many bacteria prevent phagocytosis development, especially through chemokine system disturbing due to protease production. Bacterial proteases affect intracellular signal pathways that inactivates the activity of monocyte-phagocyte system cells. Toxinproducing bacteria effectively blocks an activation of a gene complex, which expression depends on NFkBfactor. In the end, the discussed mechanisms promote uncompleted phagocytosis development and accelerate apoptotic phagocyte death.

Keywords

neutrophilic granulocyte / monocytes / lymphocytes / cytokines / chemokines / proteases / protein of complements / phagocytosis

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