Leukocytic reaction as a marker of prepathological shifts in cases of benzene poisoning

Abstract

Benzene is one of the most widespread environmental contaminants, which is able to reduce the body resistance even at low doses. Therefore, certain criteria should be developed that allow to identify the early stages of intoxication. With this objective in view, we studied the changes occurring in peripheral blood elements against the background of intoxication of the experimental animals with low doses of benzene. 36 experimental rabbits, divided into three groups, were used for the study. The rabbits in the first and second group were exposed accordingly to gradually increased and fluctuated concentrations of benzene, whereas the third group was used as the control group. Chronic exposure to benzene continued for 4 months. Determination of peripheral blood total leukocyte, eosinocyte, basocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts as well as their qualitative characterization (such as cell nucleus shape, existence of cytoplasmic grains and vacuoles and etc.) revealed that the study characteristics of the 1st group exhibit significant changes as compared to the control group. The maximal amplitudes of these changes were observed at the end of the third month. At the same time, left neutrophilic shift of regenerative type was observed, while the lymphocyte count reached the upper normal level. One month after the benzene exposure termination all indicators were normalized and returned to baseline and control levels. In the 2nd group, the total count of leukocytes and eozonocytes significantly increased one month after the beginning of the study. The rabbits within the group developed leukopenia by the end of the study. Not all indicators returned to baseline levels one month after termination of benzene exposure, which reflects the insufficiency of this period for the recovery after such scheme of exposure.

Keywords

poisoning / intoxication / benzene / leukocytes / eosinocytes / basocytes / neutrophils / lymphocytes / monocytes / formed elements of peripheral blood / neutrophil shift to the left / recovery period / organism resistance

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