Morphological aspects of pathological restructuring of long tubular bones in military men

Abstract

The modern concepts of pathological reconstruction of long tubular bones are analyzed. One of the reasons for the development of pathological fractures in athletes and military personnel is the development of osteopathy in consequence of nutrition disorders: elimination of certain groups of food from a diet, and among women these are fasting, skipping meals, eating restrictions. Also, overtraining among men reduces the level of testosterone, which leads to osteopenia and the development of stressful bone damage. The value of the vascular factor for the appearance of pathological restructuring is noted. The vascular system of bone tissue is prone to disruption of the local circulation, since the vessels of the bone in the closed bone spaces are unable to expand sufficiently, which can lead to local tissue disorders: hypoxia, ischemia, dystrophic processes in the tissue. It is noted that with a stress fracture the intraosseous blood flow slows down and stops, the capillaries of the compact or spongy bone turn off, and the ischemia of the periosteum occurs. The circulatory arrest leads to the release of plasma from the microcirculatory bed due to increased permeability of the vascular wall. This causes swelling of the muscles, fascial spaces, and further exacerbates bone damage. Also, factors of stressful bone restructuring are excessive strains. The initial cause of the injury may be a biochemical abnormality in the cells of the bone. The bone adapts to many levels of intermittent, repeated deformations of compression and stretching by increasing the density. However, in the presence of abnormally high and repetitive forces, the ability to recover is not adequate and the damage begins to exceed regeneration. As a result, excessive tension or repeated stress leads to the fact that the bone does not have time to adapt to stress. Understanding the mechanisms of the pathological trauma of long tubular bones reveals the cause-and-effect relationship of these injuries, which will make it possible to use the resources of the healthcare system more effectively in the field of diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation.

Keywords

long tubular bones / pathological bone restructuring / osteopathy / bone stress / resorption / osteoblasts / osteoclasts / Loozer zone / bone callus

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