Effectiveness of colony-stimulating factors in the treatment of bone marrow syndrome of acute radiation sickness

Abstract

Currently, one of the most effective agents for a treatment of myelodepressions of various etiologies are colony-stimulating factors related to a class of cytokines that reduce the extent and duration of post-radial myelo- and immunodepression. Their effects are in a significant shortening of a period of agranulocytosis, a decrease in its severity, an increase in the functional activity of neutrophils, a reduction in the severity of infectious complications, leading to an increase in the survival of experimental animals, especially if these drugs are used in the early periods after irradiation. Judging by the data available in the literature, the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is the main hematopoietic growth factor, which is involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and maturation of myeloid precursors of granulocytes. Based on the experience of oncologists, hematologists, the results of therapy for victims of radiation accidents, and experimental research data, cytokines, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factors, are regarded as the main means of early care for radiation- induced neutropenia and allow us to consider their use as means of early pathogenetic therapy of acute radiation sickness in humans. Therapy with colony-stimulating factors is recommended to begin for all victims with an acute radiation sickness as soon as possible from the moment of irradiation and continue until the absolute number of neutrophils in the peripheral blood reaches a level of more than 1×109/l after recovery from the moment of maximum neutropenia.

Keywords

acute radiation sickness / bone marrow syndrome / myelodepression of radiation etiology / cytokines / colony- stimulating factors / granulocyte colony-stimulating factor / agranulocytosis / myelopoiesis

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