Hybrid technique of magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography to assess the structural and functional features of the brain in flight school cadets during primary medical flight examination

Abstract

This study conducted a functional assessment of the results of magnetic resonance imaging in comparison with electroencephalography of 348 young pilots of the Higher Military Pilot School named after the Hero of the Soviet Union A.K. Serov who were deemed “healthy” during the medical flight commission. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed expansion of the cerebrospinal fluid spaces of varying degrees and localization in 41(11.8%) pilots after the medical flight commission, which is a contraindication for flight service. However, many congenital structural features of the brain detected by magnetic resonance imaging are normal anatomical variants. When deciphering all electroencephalograms, deviations from the norm were noted in 41(11.5%) cases, including α- and β-rhythms. In 1 (0.3%) patient, changes were also detected by magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography. Deviations in electroencephalograms were not associated with the changes detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Thus, the detected changes in the electroencephalograms of 1 (0.3%) pilot had not clear effects, and magnetic resonance imaging detected cerebrospinal fluid space expansion up to 10 mm in the retrocerebellar region. The study emphasized the need to clarify the techniques in medical flight commission in relation to flight personnel with such “findings” to objectively predict the real risk in relation to further service. Therefore, additional studies in young pilots with identified characteristics are necessary by comparing magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalogram findings with respect to exercise testing, mental function, and learning potential.

Keywords

military medical examination / magnetic resonance imaging / neuroimaging / liquor spaces / brain / electroencephalogram / alpha and beta rhythms / stress tests

References

[1] Chudina EYu, Evtushenko IV. Features of formation of visual perception in infants with organic central nervous system. International journal of applied and fundamental research. 2016;(10–2):326–330. EDN: WMGUVD

[2] Чудина Е.Ю., Евтушенко И.В. Особенности формирования зрительного восприятия у детей раннего возраста с органическим поражением ЦНС // Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований. 2016. № 10–2. С. 326–330. EDN: WMGUVD

[3] Chudina EYu, Evtushenko IV. Features of formation of visual perception in infants with organic central nervous system. International journal of applied and fundamental research. 2016;(10–2):326–330. EDN: WMGUVD

[4] Shein AP, Skripnikov AA, Mikhailova EA. Effect of post-stroke cyst volume in big cerebral hemispheres on the quantitative characteristics of background EEG. Bulletin of the east Siberian scientific center of the Siberian branch of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2006;(5(51)):201–206. EDN: KZEYAB (In Russ.)

[5] Шеин А.П., Скрипников А.А., Михайлова Е.А. Влияние объема постинсультной кисты больших полушарий головного мозга на количественные характеристики фоновой ЭЭГ // Бюллетень Восточно-Сибирского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук. 2006. № 5 (51). С. 201–206. EDN: KZEYAB

[6] Shein AP, Skripnikov AA, Mikhailova EA. Effect of post-stroke cyst volume in big cerebral hemispheres on the quantitative characteristics of background EEG. Bulletin of the east Siberian scientific center of the Siberian branch of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2006;(5(51)):201–206. EDN: KZEYAB (In Russ.)

[7] Kozhevnikova OV, Kuznetsova GV, Anikin AV, et al. Electroencephalography vs. Magnetic resonance imaging: opportunities for detecting structural lesions of the central nervous system in children. Diagnostic issues in pediatrics. 2009;1(1):66–70. EDN: KVLTIF

[8] Кожевникова О.В., Кузнецова Г.В., Аникин А.В., и др. Электроэнцефалография в сопоставлении с магнитно-резонансной томографией: возможности для выявления структурных нарушений центральной нервной системы у детей // Вопросы диагностики в педиатрии. 2009. Т. 1, № 1. С. 66–70. EDN: KVLTIF

[9] Kozhevnikova OV, Kuznetsova GV, Anikin AV, et al. Electroencephalography vs. Magnetic resonance imaging: opportunities for detecting structural lesions of the central nervous system in children. Diagnostic issues in pediatrics. 2009;1(1):66–70. EDN: KVLTIF

[10] Karaseva TA. Computed tomography of the brain in the expert assessment of determining the category of suitability for military service. News of higher educational institutions. 2011;1(17):131–144. (In Russ.) EDN: OETUQB

[11] Карасева Т.А. Компьютерная томография головного мозга в экспертной оценке определения категории годности к военной службе // Известия высших учебных заведений. 2011. № 1 (17). С. 131–144. EDN: OETUQB

[12] Karaseva TA. Computed tomography of the brain in the expert assessment of determining the category of suitability for military service. News of higher educational institutions. 2011;1(17):131–144. (In Russ.) EDN: OETUQB

[13] Zenkov LR. Clinical electroencephalography (with elements of epileptology): a guide for doctors. 9th ed. Moscow: Medpress-inform; 2018. 360 p. (In Russ.)

[14] Зенков Л.Р. Клиническая электроэнцефалография (с элементами эпилептологии): руководство для врачей. 9-е изд. Москва: Медпресс-информ, 2018. 360 с.

[15] Zenkov LR. Clinical electroencephalography (with elements of epileptology): a guide for doctors. 9th ed. Moscow: Medpress-inform; 2018. 360 p. (In Russ.)

[16] Cherapkina LP, Tristan VG. The characteristics of the cerebrum bioelectrical activity of the sportsmen. Bulletin of the south Ural state university. 2011;39(256):27–31. (In Russ.) EDN: OMUELD

[17] Черапкина Л.П., Тристан В.Г. Особенности биоэлектрической активности головного мозга спортсменов // Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета. 2011. № 39 (256). С. 27–31. EDN: OMUELD

[18] Cherapkina LP, Tristan VG. The characteristics of the cerebrum bioelectrical activity of the sportsmen. Bulletin of the south Ural state university. 2011;39(256):27–31. (In Russ.) EDN: OMUELD

[19] Ovchinnikov BV, Shamova NS, Zubenko AI. Possibilities of using electroencephalography in professional selection of military service servers. News of the Russian military medical academy. 2019;38(3):41–45. (In Russ.) EDN: XTVTEF

[20] Овчинников Б.В., Шамова Н.С., Зубенко А.И. Возможности использования электроэнцефалографии при профессиональном отборе военнослужащих по контракту // Известия Российской военно-медицинской академии. 2019. Т. 38, № 3. С. 41–45. EDN: XTVTEF

[21] Ovchinnikov BV, Shamova NS, Zubenko AI. Possibilities of using electroencephalography in professional selection of military service servers. News of the Russian military medical academy. 2019;38(3):41–45. (In Russ.) EDN: XTVTEF

[22] Gornov SV, Titov VB, Ovinnikov AA, et al. Study of the influence of stress on the readiness of aviation specialists to perform professional actions. Russian Medical Journal. 2016;(13):880–883. (In Russ.) EDN: WIDAAV

[23] Горнов С.В., Титов В.Б., Овинников А.А., и др. Изучение влияния стрессовых воздействий на готовность авиационных специалистов к выполнению профессиональных действий // Русский медицинский журнал. 2016. № 13. С. 880–883. EDN: WIDAAV

[24] Gornov SV, Titov VB, Ovinnikov AA, et al. Study of the influence of stress on the readiness of aviation specialists to perform professional actions. Russian Medical Journal. 2016;(13):880–883. (In Russ.) EDN: WIDAAV

[25] Onishchenko AV, Mosyagin IG. Wave activity of the brain in military sailors in various conditions of professional activity. Ecology and Man. 2008;(8):49–53. (In Russ.)

[26] Онищенко А.В., Мосягин И.Г. Волновая активность головного мозга у военных моряков в различных условиях профессиональной деятельности // Экология и человека. 2008. № 8. С. 49–53.

[27] Onishchenko AV, Mosyagin IG. Wave activity of the brain in military sailors in various conditions of professional activity. Ecology and Man. 2008;(8):49–53. (In Russ.)

[28] Butova OA. Features of the formation of bioelectrical activity of neurons in the brain of military personnel of the Stavropol garrison in the aspect of adaptation. Bulletin of St. Petersburg State University. 2009;(3):235–241. (In Russ.)

[29] Бутова О.А. Особенности формирования биоэлектрической активности нейронов головного мозга военнослужащих Ставропольского гарнизона в аспекте адаптации // Вестник СПбГУ. 2009. № 3. С. 235–241.

[30] Butova OA. Features of the formation of bioelectrical activity of neurons in the brain of military personnel of the Stavropol garrison in the aspect of adaptation. Bulletin of St. Petersburg State University. 2009;(3):235–241. (In Russ.)

[31] Gornov SV, Zelenova ME, Bakanov AS, et al. Study of the professional health of flight specialists In: Systemogenesis of educational and professional activities: materials of the VII International Scientific and Practical Conference. Yaroslavl: Litera Agency; 2015:55–58. (In Russ.)

[32] Горнов С.В., Зеленова М.Е., Баканов А.С., и др. Исследование профессионального здоровья летных специалистов // Системогенез учебной и профессиональной деятельности: материалы VII Международной научно-практической конференции. Ярославль: Агентство Литера, 2015. С. 55–58.

[33] Gornov SV, Zelenova ME, Bakanov AS, et al. Study of the professional health of flight specialists In: Systemogenesis of educational and professional activities: materials of the VII International Scientific and Practical Conference. Yaroslavl: Litera Agency; 2015:55–58. (In Russ.)

[34] Reinecke K, Cordes M, Lerch C, et al. From lab to field conditions: a pilot study on EEG methodology in applied sports sciences. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2011;36(4):265–271. doi: 10.1007/s10484-011-9166-x

[35] Reinecke K., Cordes M., Lerch C., et al. From lab to field conditions: a pilot study on EEG methodology in applied sports sciences // Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2011. Vol. 36, N 4. Р. 265–271. doi: 10.1007/s10484-011-9166-x

[36] Reinecke K, Cordes M, Lerch C, et al. From lab to field conditions: a pilot study on EEG methodology in applied sports sciences. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2011;36(4):265–271. doi: 10.1007/s10484-011-9166-x

[37] Ermutlu N, Yücesir I, Eskikurt G, et al. Brain electrical activities of dancers and fast ball sports athletes are different. Cogn Neurodyn. 2015;9(2):257–263. doi: 10.1007/s11571-014-9320-2

[38] Ermutlu N., Yücesir I., Eskikurt G., et al. Brain electrical activities of dancers and fast ball sports athletes are different // Cogn Neurodyn. 2015. Vol. 9, N 2. Р. 257–263. doi: 10.1007/s11571-014-9320-2

[39] Ermutlu N, Yücesir I, Eskikurt G, et al. Brain electrical activities of dancers and fast ball sports athletes are different. Cogn Neurodyn. 2015;9(2):257–263. doi: 10.1007/s11571-014-9320-2

[40] Reinecke K, Cordes M, Lerch C, et al. From lab to field conditions: a pilot study on EEG methodology in applied sports sciences. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2011;36(4):265–271. doi: 10.1007/s10484-011-9166-x

[41] Reinecke K., Cordes M., Lerch C., et al. From lab to field conditions: a pilot study on EEG methodology in applied sports sciences // Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2011. Vol. 36, N 4. Р. 265–271. doi: 10.1007/s10484-011-9166-x

[42] Reinecke K, Cordes M, Lerch C, et al. From lab to field conditions: a pilot study on EEG methodology in applied sports sciences. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2011;36(4):265–271. doi: 10.1007/s10484-011-9166-x

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector