Features of the course of traumatic shock when using respiratory mixtures with a high content of inert gases

Abstract

This study evaluated the efficiency of using gas mixtures with increased concentrations of inert gases on a hemorrhagic shock model in experimental animals. Massive blood loss is considered a trigger mechanism of severe pathophysiological reactions (impaired peripheral perfusion, acidosis, hemostasis system dysfunction, and multiple organ failure). Inert gases (helium, argon, and xenon) attract attention as potentially useful in various pathological conditions. The study was conducted on 15 same-sex pigs of the same breed, weighing 40–50 kg, randomized into three groups with five each: control group, inhalation of 100% oxygen; “agohhep” group, inhalation of the “Aroxxen” gas mixture: 35% argon, 58% oxygen, 0.2% xenon, and nitrogen as the rest of the volume; and “agohhep-krypto” group, inhalation of the gas mixture “Aroxxen-krypto”: 35% argon, 40% oxygen, 10% krypton, and nitrogen as the rest of the volume. Dynamic monitoring of vital signs and sampling of materials were conducted before blood loss, with blood loss of 20% and 45% of the volume of the circulating blood 60, 120, and 180 min after blood loss. The survival rate of animals and respiratory and circulatory states were evaluated by clinical and laboratory indicators. With blood loss of 45% of the circulating blood volume, no statistically significant differences in mortality were found between the groups. All animals survived for 180 min in the post-hemorrhagic period. In the aggohep-krypto group, average blood pressure values after blood loss and throughout the follow-up period were significantly higher than those in the control and aggohep groups (p < 0.05). During shock simulation as a result of blood loss, base deficiency gradually worsened in all groups. However, starting from the second hour of observation, base deficiency began to be compensated in the control and aggohep-krypto groups and the aggohep group, it continued to increase significantly (p < 0.01). During the follow-up after blood loss, the level of lactatemia significantly increased in the aggohep group (by 10 times at the end of the follow-up), which is significant different from those in the control and aggohep-krypto groups (p < 0.01). Thus, compared with the use of Arroxen gas, the use of Arroxen-krypto gas of the proposed composition in acute massive blood loss makes it possible to achieve a less pronounced attrition of the acid–base balance in experimental animals.

Keywords

nitrogen / argon / respiratory mixtures / inert gases / oxygen / krypton / xenon / acute blood loss / traumatic shock

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