Epidemiological characteristics of transport injuries in a large city (according to forensic studies of the deceased in hospitals of St. Petersburg)

Abstract

The problem of monitoring traffic accidents and the detailed epidemiological characteristics of fatal injuries in order to identify risk factors is being updated. It has been established that most often traffic accidents occur during the off-season, during the periods following from work, in the dark; as a result of a car or motorcycle collision with a pedestrian. The most often, men 20–50 years old and women 70–80 years old die; one third of the victims are intoxicated (elimination stage), of which pedestrians and passengers (men) are more likely. In more than half of cases, there is delayed hospitalization, especially frequent during rush hour, late evening and night time, from Friday to Saturday. Injury with acute (massive) blood loss, the presence of two or more concomitant chronic diseases in the victim are prognostically unfavorable. The maximum number of deaths occurs on the 1st–2nd day (especially in the first hours after the accident), then on the 3rd–4th day, at the end of the I, II and III weeks. A relative increase in deaths is observed in the early morning hours. The most common defects in the design of medical documents that prevent the full collection of information about the circumstances of the accident and risk factors for adverse outcomes have been identified. It is proposed to create a «Card of the victim in a traffic accident», a unified network of trauma centers that accept victims of traffic accidents. The results of the study can serve to reduce the social risk of death from traffic accidents.

Keywords

transport injuries / transport injury / risk factors / pedestrian / driver / passenger / alcohol / seasonality / circadian rhythms / medical care defect

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