Structural and functional characteristics of the right heart chambers in young patients with sarcoidosis

Abstract

The possibilities of assessing the right chambers of the heart and the estimated systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery at rest and against the background of physical activity in the early stages of pulmonary sarcoidosis in the absence of clinical manifestations and obvious complaints of patients are considered. Has been established that the most dangerous conditions for pulmonary sarcoidosis may be the progression of the disease with the formation of pulmonary fibrosis and heart damage. In addition to the primary involvement of the heart, which is less common in clinical practice, heart damage occurs in the form of an overload of the right chambers with the development of pulmonary hypertension. In the early stages of the disease, as a rule, little attention is paid to the examination of the heart in patients with sarcoidosis, due to the lack of clinical manifestations and complaints, therefore, it remains important to perform early diagnostic measures in order to prevent the development of the pathological process and correct treatment. According to the Federal Clinical Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sarcoidosis (2016), echocardiography is not included in the mandatory list of examination of patients suffering from lung sarcoidosis, and is prescribed at the discretion of the attending physician. There is a small amount of work in both domestic and foreign literature on the assessment of the right heart chambers in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis using modern echocardiographic techniques such as global longitudinal deformation of the right ventricle and ejection fraction in 3D mode. One of the promising methods is the determination of global longitudinal myocardial deformation, the reduction of which can serve as an early predictor of myocardial dysfunction.

Keywords

pulmonary sarcoidosis / intrathoracic lymph nodes / echocardiography / right heart chambers / 2D and 3D modes / systolic and mean pulmonary artery pressure / right ventricle ejection fraction / stress tests / right ventricle global longitudinal strain

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RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Miroshnichenko Y.V., Khalimov Y.S., Umarov S.Z.