Objectification of latent narcological pathology in a potential military contingent using special magnetic resonance imaging techniques

Abstract

The possibilities of special magnetic resonance imaging techniques in the diagnosis of opioid and alcohol dependence syndrome in people of military age are considered with a view to solving expert issues related to military service. It is known that alcoholism and opioid addiction are the leading problems of modern narcology. Despite the fact that research on the neurobiological effects of psychoactive substances is increasing every year, the pathogenetic aspects of addiction are still not completely clear, and the criteria for setting and withdrawing a narcological diagnosis are blurred and caused by the multiplicity of classifications and approaches. Of particular importance is the adoption of expert decisions when calling in special units. Special techniques of magnetic resonance imaging allow us to evaluate the functional and microstructural connectivity of distant parts of the brain and bring insight into the mechanisms of the development of addictive disorders in general. In patients suffering from opioid dependence and alcoholism, the neural default mode network was analyzed. It was established that, compared with the control group, all patients suffering from addiction showed a weakening of the functional connections of all network structures of brain default mode network (p<0,05). Compared with the control group, patients suffering from drug addiction and alcoholism, there was a microstructural deformation between the cortical and subcortical structures, especially between the amygdala and the hippocampus. The weakening of functional and microstructural links in the network of the passive mode of the brain in groups of drug addicts indicates that they have violated the processes of control, thinking and the right decision making. The data obtained can form the basis for creating biomarkers for patients suffering from opioid and alcohol dependence, which can be used to examine, guide and evaluate the treatment of this pathology.

Keywords

neuroimaging / brain default mode network / dependence / connectivity / opioids / alcohol / resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging / tractography / morphometry / connectom

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RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Tarumov D.A., Marchenko A.A., Malahovskiy V.N., Ushakov V.L., Goncharenko A.Yu., Mavrenkov E.M., Trufanov A.G., Litvintsev B.S., Lobachev A.V., Ishakov D.N., Zheleznyak I.S., Shamrey V.K., Fisun A.Ya.