Effect of the COVID-19 on the reproductive health indicators of cadets

Abstract

The study investigated the influence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on the reproductive health indicators of cadets of military educational organizations. In the Department of Assisted Reproductive Technologies at the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Kirov Military Medical Academy, 183 male cadets aged 21–27 years were divided into two groups and examined. The first group consisted of 132 cadets who had mild and moderate COVID-19, and the second group included 51 cadets without COVID-19 in the anamnesis. COVID-19 was found negatively affect the reproductive health of cadets. Individuals who previously had COVID-19 were found to have a significant decrease in the level of total testosterone and decreased concentration and mobility of sperm in the ejaculate. Moreover, in cadets without COVID-19 who were vaccinated with the combined vector vaccine “Gam-COVID-Vac,” the indicators of the hormonal profile and spermograms were within the reference values. The results indicate the need for further investigation of the effect of various negative factors, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, on the reproductive health of cadets of military educational organizations. Moreover, the development of preventive, therapeutic, and rehabilitation measures will reduce the risk of infertility and reproductive losses, which is consistent with the interests of national projects on healthcare and demography.

Keywords

reproductive health / cadets / new coronavirus infection / severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 / hormonal profile / spermogram / testosterone / fertility

References

[1] Ivchenko EV, Kotiv BN, Ovchinnikov DV, Bucenko SA. Results of the work of the military medical academy research institute of novel coronavirus infection problems through 2020–2021. Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy. 2021;23(4):93–104. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17816/brmma83094

[2] Ивченко Е.В., Котив Б.Н., Овчинников Д.В., Буценко С.А. Результаты работы Научно-исследовательского института проблем новой коронавирусной инфекции Военно-медицинской академии за 2020–2021 гг. // Вестник Российской военно-медицинской академии. 2021. Т. 23, № 4. С. 93–104. DOI: 10.17816/brmma83094

[3] Svistunov SA, Shipitsyn KS, Kolesnikov VV. International experience in organizing medical care for the population of Italy and Serbia by military medical specialists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2022;41(1):93–98. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17816/rmmar84023

[4] Свистунов С.А., Шипицын К.С., Колесников В.В. Международный опыт организации оказания медицинской помощи населению Италии и Сербии военно-медицинскими специалистами в период пандемии COVID-19 // Известия Российской военно-медицинской академии. 2022. Т. 41, № 1. С. 93–98. DOI: 10.17816/rmmar84023

[5] Azarov II, Ovchinnikov DV, Kuzin AA, et al. Assessment of post-vaccination collective immunity against new coronavirus nfection (COVID-19) among servicemen of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy. 2022;24(2):267–276. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17816/brmma106245

[6] Азаров И.И., Овчинников Д.В., Кузин А.А., и др. Оценка поствакцинального коллективного иммунитета против новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) среди военнослужащих Вооруженных сил Российской Федерации // Вестник Российской военно-медицинской академии. 2022. Т. 24, № 2. С. 267–276. DOI: 10.17816/brmma106245

[7] Kyzlasov PS, Korshunov MN, Korshunova ES, et al. The effect of COVID-19 virus on male fertility and erectile function. Experimental and Clinical Urology. 2022;15(2):88–94. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-2-88-94

[8] Кызласов П.С., Коршунов М.Н., Коршунова Е.С., и др. Влияние вируса COVID-19 на мужскую фертильность и эректильную функцию // Экспериментальная и клиническая урология. 2022. Т. 15, № 2. С. 88–94. DOI: 10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-2-88-94

[9] Adamyan LV, Kiseleva YuYu, Elagin VV, et al. COVID-19 and men’s reproductive health (literature review). Russian Journal of Human Reproduction. 2020;26(5):17–21. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/ repro20202605117

[10] Адамян Л.В., Киселева Ю.Ю., Елагин В.В., и др. COVID-19 и репродуктивное здоровье мужчин (обзор литературы) // Проблемы репродукции. 2020. Т. 26, № 5. С. 17–21. DOI: 10.17116/repro20202605117

[11] Bourgonje AR, Abdulle AE, Timens W, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Pathol. 2020;251(3):228–248. DOI: 10.1002/path.5471

[12] Bourgonje A.R., Abdulle A.E., Timens W., et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) // J Pathol. 2020. Vol. 251, No. 3. P. 228–248. DOI: 10.1002/path.5471

[13] Corona G, Baldi E, Isidori AM, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection, male fertility and sperm cryopreservation: a position statement of the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) (Società Italiana di Andrologia e Medicina della Sessualità). Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 2020;43(8):1153–1157. DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01290-w 4

[14] Corona G., Baldi E., Isidori A.M., et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection, male fertility and sperm cryopreservation: a position statement of the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) (Società Italiana di Andrologia e Medicina della Sessualità) // Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 2020. Vol. 43, No. 8. P. 1153–1157. DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01290-w 4

[15] Wang Z, Xu X. scRNA-seq profiling of human testes reveals the presence of the ACE2 receptor, a target for SARS-CoV-2 infection in spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli cells. Cells. 2020;9(4):920. DOI: 10.3390/cells9040920

[16] Wang Z., Xu X. scRNA-seq profiling of human testes reveals the presence of the ACE2 receptor, a target for SARS-CoV-2 infection in spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli cells // Cells. 2020. Vol. 9, No. 4. P. 920. DOI: 10.3390/cells9040920

[17] Yang M, Chen S. Pathological findings in the testes of COVID-19 Patients: Clinical Implications. Eur Urol Focus. 2020;6(5):1124–1129. DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2020.05.009

[18] Yang M., Chen S. Pathological findings in the testes of COVID-19 Patients: Clinical Implications // Eur Urol Focus. 2020. Vol. 6, No. 5. P. 1124–1129. DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2020.05.009

[19] Xu J, Qi L, Chi X, et al. Orchitis: A complication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) 1. Biology of Reproduction. 2006;74(2):410–416. DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.105.044776

[20] Xu J., Qi L., Chi X., et al. Orchitis: A complication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) 1 // Biology of Reproduction. 2006. Vol. 74, No. 2. P. 410–416. DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.105.044776

[21] Apolikhin OI, Krasnyak SS, Sevryukov FA, et al. Assessment of the hormonal profile and dynamics of the state of the reproductive system in in patients with COVID-19: results of a prospective study. Experimental and Clinical Urology. 2022;15(1):120–128. DOI: 10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-1-120-128

[22] Аполихин О.И., Красняк С.С., Севрюков Ф.А., и др. Оценка гормонального профиля и динамики состояния репродуктивной системы у лиц, перенесших COVID-19: результаты проспективного исследования // Экспериментальная и клиническая урология. 2022. Т. 15, № 1. С. 120–128. DOI: 10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-1-120-128

[23] Esaulenko DI, Rozhivanov RR, Shishkina VV. Quality of ejaculate of male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), vaccinated with GamCovidVac (Sputnik V). Diabetes Mellitus. 2021;24(5):422–426. DOI: 10.14341/DM12775

[24] Есауленко Д.И., Роживанов Р.В., Шишкина В.В. Качество эякулята у мужчин с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа, вакцинированных препаратом ГамКовидВак (Спутник V) // Сахарный диабет. 2021. Т. 24, № 5. С. 422–426. DOI: 10.14341/DM12775

[25] World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2191–2194. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.281053

[26] World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects // JAMA. 2013. Vol. 310, No. 20. P. 2191–2194. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.281053

[27] GOST R 52379-2005. Natsional’nyi standart Rossiiskoi Federatsii. "Nadlezhashchaya klinicheskaya praktika" (utv. Prikazom Rostekhregulirovaniya dated 27.09.2005 N 232). 2005. 39 p. (In Russ.).

[28] ГОСТ Р 52379-2005. Национальный стандарт Российской Федерации. «Надлежащая клиническая практика» (утв. Приказом Ростехрегулирования от 27.09.2005 N 232-ст). 2005. 39 с.

[29] Rukovodstvo VOZ po issledovaniyu i obrabotke eyakulyata cheloveka. 5-e izdanie. Vsemirnaya organizatsiya zdravookhraneniya, 2012. Moscow: Kapital Print; 2012. 291 p. (In Russ.).

[30] Руководство ВОЗ по исследованию и обработке эякулята человека. 5-е издание. Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Москва: Капитал Принт, 2012. 291 с.

[31] Ibishev KhS, Prokop YaO. New coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Is there an impact on male reproductive health? Urology Herald. 2022;10(1):128–134. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21886/2308-6424-2022-10-1-128-134

[32] Ибишев Х.С., Прокоп Я.О. Новая коронавирусная инфекция: возможно ли влияние на репродуктивное здоровье мужчин? // Вестник урологии. 2022. Т. 10, № 1. С. 128–134. DOI: 10.21886/2

[33] Gacci M, Coppi M, Baldi E, et al. Semen impairment and occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in semen after recovery from COVID-19. Hum Reprod. 2021;36(6):1520–1529. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab026

[34] Gacci M., Coppi M., Baldi E., et al. Semen impairment and occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in semen after recovery from COVID-19 // Hum Reprod. 2021. Vol. 36, No. 6. P. 1520–1529. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab026

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Ivchenko E.V., Schmidt A.A., Ovchinnikov D.V., Zakharov I.S., Popov A.S., Timoshkova Y.L., Gadzhiev S.Z.