Immune dysfunction in millitary personnel participating in special tasks and the possibility of medical and psychological rehabilitation

Abstract

The article considers immune dysfunction in military personnel participating in special operations and the possibilities of their medical and psychological rehabilitation. The state of the immune status of 73 servicemen (average age 37.6 ± 4.1 years) who participated in special operations in areas with a difficult operational situation and underwent a 20-day standard course of medical and psychological rehabilitation in the sanatoriums of the sanatorium complexes “North Caucasian”, “Sochi”, and “Crimean” was monitored. Immune status was assessed before and after participation in special operations and after a course of medical and psychological rehabilitation. Immune dysfunction due to quantitative and functional changes in the immune status was established. Soldiers participating in special operations registered a decrease in the synthesis and differentiation of T-lymphocytes, inhibition of the functionality of cytotoxic lymphocytes, reduced cytolytic potential of natural killer cells, impaired antigen-presenting function of monocytes, and a significant decrease in the number of B lymphocytes with preserved antibody-producing function. The rehabilitation course for military personnel participating in special operations led to the normalization of the analyzed parameters, except for the functional activity of natural killer cells and monocytes. Given the lack of full recovery of homeostatic reserves in the immune system, a more in-depth study of the problem and development of a personalized approach to rehabilitation of the military participants with the assessment of immunological markers are necessary.

Keywords

immunity / immunodeficiency / stress / combat stress / rehabilitation / homeostatic reserve / cytolytic potential / antigen-presenting functions

References

[1] Karayani AG, Utlik EP. Self-regulation of functional states by the soldiers in combat. Psychopedagogics in law enforcement. 2018;(3):5–9. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/1999-6241-2018-13001

[2] Караяни А.Г., Утлик Э.П. Саморегуляция функциональных состояний в боевой обстановке // Психопедагогика в правоохранительных органах. 2018. № 3. С. 5–9. DOI: 10.24411/1999-6241-2018-13001

[3] Tokarev AR. Neuro-cytokine mechanisms of acute stress (literature review). Journal of new medical technologies. 2019;(3):194–204. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/2075-4094-2019-16469

[4] Токарев А.Р. Нейро-цитокиновые механизмы острого стресса (обзор литературы) // Вестник новых медицинских технологий. 2019. № 3. С. 194–204. DOI: 10.24411/2075-4094-2019-16469

[5] Kupriyanov RV, Zhdanov RI. Stress i allostaz: problemy, perspektivy i vzaimosvyaz'. Zhurnal vysshei nervnoi deyatelnosti imeni IP Pavlova. 2014;64(1):21–31. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.7868/S0044467714010080

[6] Куприянов Р.В., Жданов Р.И. Стресс и аллостаз: проблемы, перспективы и взаимосвязь // Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова. 2014. Т. 64, № 1. С. 21–31. DOI:10.7868/S0044467714010080

[7] Potemina TE, Zuykova AA, Kuznetsova SV, Pereshein AV. Maladaptive changes in the nervous system after combat stress and injuries. Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (rehabilitation, doctor and health). 2019;(4):73–77. (In Russ.).

[8] Потемина Т.Е., Зуйкова А.А., Кузнецова С.В., Перешеин А.В. Дезадаптивные изменения в нервной системе после воздействия боевого стресса и травм // Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». 2019. № 4. С. 73–77.

[9] Rybakina EG, Shanin SN, Fomicheva EE, et al. Cell-molecular mechanisms of protective function’s changes under traumatic brain injury and ways for it’s medication. Medical academic journal. 2014;14(4):55–62. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17816/MAJ14455-62

[10] Рыбакина Е.Г., Шанин С.Н., Фомичева Е.Е., и др. Клеточно-молекулярные механизмы изменения защитных функций организма при черепно-мозговой травме, и попытка лечения // Медицинский академический журнал. 2014. Т. 14, № 4. С. 55–62. DOI: 10.17816/MAJ14455-62

[11] Zaitseva NS, Sizyakina LP. The immune dysfunction in the structure of comorbid diseases in the combatants in the late period of observation. Immunologiya. 2016;37(5):267–270. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18821/0206-4952-2016-37-5-267-270

[12] Зайцева Н.С., Сизякина Л.П. Дисфункция иммунной системы в структуре коморбидной патологии у военнослужащих-ветеранов боевых действий в отдаленном периоде наблюдения // Иммунология. 2016. Т. 37, № 5. С. 267–270. DOI: 10.18821/0206-4952-2016-37-5-267-270

[13] Cañas-González B, Fernández-Nistal A, Ramírez JM, Martínez-Fernández V. Influence of stress and depression on the immune system in patients evaluated in an anti-aging unit. Front Psychol. 2020;11(4):1844. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01844

[14] Cañas-González B., Fernández-Nistal A., Ramírez J.M., Martínez-Fernández V. Influence of stress and depression on the immune system in patients evaluated in an anti-aging unit // Front Psychol. 2020. Vol. 11, Nо 4. P. 1844. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01844

[15] Nagornova AYu, Azarnykh TD, Kayasheva OI, et al. Stress i ehmotsional'noe vygoranie: metody profilaktiki. Ulyanovsk: Zebra, 2019. 79 p. (In Russ.).

[16] Нагорнова А.Ю., Азарных Т.Д., Каяшева О.И., и др. Стресс и эмоциональное выгорание: методы профилактики. Ульяновск: Зебра, 2019. 79 с.

[17] Apchel VYa, Tsygan VN. Stress i stressoustoichivost' cheloveka. Saint Petersburg: RMMA, 1999. 86 p. (In Russ.).

[18] Апчел В.Я., Цыган В.Н. Стресс и стрессоустойчивость человека. Санкт-Петербург: ВМА, 1999. 86 с.

[19] Mancini G, Garbonasa A, Heremans J. Immunochemical quantitation of antigens by simple radial immunodiffusion. Immunochemistry. 1965;2(3):235–264. DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(65)90004-2

[20] Mancini G., Garbonasa A., Heremans J. Immunochemical quantitation of antigens by simple radial immunodiffusion // Immunochemistry. 1965. Vol. 2, No. 3. P. 235–264. DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(65)90004-2

[21] Koubassov RV, Barachevsky YuE, Sibileva EN, et al. Influence of extreme factors of military service on adaptive capacity and health of members of law enforcement agencies of Russia. Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy. 2015;(2):217–223. (In Russ.).

[22] Кубасов Р.В., Барачевский Ю.Е., Сибилева Е.Н., и др. Влияние экстремальных факторов военной службы на адаптационные возможности и здоровье сотрудников силовых ведомств России // Вестник Российской военно-медицинской академии. 2015. Т. № 2. С. 217–223.

[23] Bagmet AD, Zaitseva NS, Ramazanov AU. Mechanisms of comorbid pathology progression among military veterans of modern wars. Russian journal of occupational health and industrial ecology. 2017;(9):14–15. (In Russ.).

[24] Багмет А.Д., Зайцева Н.С., Рамазанов М.Ю. Механизмы прогрессирования коморбидной патологии при артериальной гипертензии у военнослужащих — ветеранов современных воин // Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2017. № 9. С. 14–15.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Zaitseva N.S., Bagmet A.D., Tsygan V.N.