Cutaneous manifestations of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)

Abstract

This article presents the recently published data on the pathogenesis and cutaneous manifestations of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The main symptoms of COVID-19 have already been well studied. However, recently, some reports on cutaneous manifestations (urticaria, papulae and vesicles, erythematous rash, purpura, livedo-angiitis, eruptive angioma, chilblain-like rash, pityriasis rosea, erythema multiforme, and periorbital dyschromia) in patients with COVID-19 have been made. Moreover, the healthcare professionals using personal protective equipment more frequently may develop occupational dermatoses.

Keywords

new coronavirus infection / COVID-19 / SARS-CoV-2 / pathogenesis / skin

References

[1] Yuefei Jin, Haiyan Yang, Wangquan Ji, Weidong Wu, Shuaiyin Chen, Weiguo Zhang. Virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of COVID-19. Viruses. 2020; 12(4): 372. DOI: 10.3390/v12040372.

[2] COVID-19 Maps. Johns Hopkins University. Medicina. Coronavirus Resource Center. Available at: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html. Published May 24, 2020. Accessed May 24, 2020.

[3] Wei Ji, Wei Wang, Xiaofang Zhao, J unjie Zai, Xingguang Li. Cross-species transmission of the newly identified coronavirus 2019-nCoV. J. Med. Virol. 2020; 92(4): 433-40. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25682.

[4] Fei Zhou, Ting Yu, Ronghui Du, Guohui Fan, Ying Liu, Zhibo Liu, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10229): 1054-62. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3.

[5] Bilinska K, Jakubowska P, Von Bartheld CS, Butowt R. Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry proteins, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, in cells of the olfactory epithelium: identification of cell types and trends with age. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020. DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00210. Online ahead of print.

[6] Xiowei Li, Manman Geng, Yizhao Peng, Liesu Meng, Shemin Lu. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal. 2020; 10(2): 102-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.03.001

[7] Kubanov A.A., Deryabin D.G. A new look at the COVID-19 pathogenesis: the disease is a generalized viral vasculitis, and the lung tissue damage is a variant of angiogenic pulmonary edema. Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Russian Journal (Vestnik RAMS). 2020;75(2):96-8. DOI: 10.15690/vramn1347

[8] Кубанов А.А., Дерябин Д.Г. Новый взгляд на патогенез COVID-19: заболевание является генерализованным вирусным васкулитом, а возникающее при этом поражение легочной ткани – вариантом ангиогенного отека легкого. Вестник РАМН. 2020; 75(2): 96-8. DOI: 10.15690/vramn1347

[9] Recalcati S. Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34(5):e212-3. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16387.

[10] Galvan Casas C, Catala A, Carretero Hernandez G, Rodriguez-Jimenez P, Fernandez Nieto D, Rodriguez-Villa Lario A, et al. Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: A rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases. Br J Dermatol. 2020. DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19163. Online ahead of print.

[11] Diotallevi F., Campanati A., Bianchelli T., Bobyr I., Luchetti M.M., Marconi B. et al. Skin involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection: case series. J Med Virol. 2020. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26012. Online ahead of print.

[12] Wen Zhang, Yan Zhao, Fengchun Zhang, Qian Wang, Taisheng Li, Zhengyin Liu, et al. The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the perspectives of clinical immunologists from China. Clin Immunol. 2020; 214: 108393. DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108393.

[13] Castelnovo L., Capelli F., Tamburello A., Faggioli P., Mazzone A. Symmetric cutaneous vasculitis in COVID-19 pneumonia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16589. Online ahead of print.

[14] Cepeda-Valdes R., Carrion-Alvarez D., Trejo-Castro A., Hernandez-Torre M., Salas-Alanis J. Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: family cluster of urticarial rash. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2020. DOI: 10.1111/ced.14290. Online ahead of print.

[15] de Medeiros V., Silva L. Follow-up of skin lesions during the evolution of COVID-19: a case report. Arch Dermatol Res. 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s00403-020-02091-0. Online ahead of print.

[16] Henry D., Ackerman M., Sancelme E., Finon A., Esteve E. Urticarial eruption in COVID-19 infection J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16472. Online ahead of print.

[17] Naziroglu T., Sozen S., Ozkan P., Seker S., Aksu K. A case of COVID-19 pneumonia presenting with acute urticaria. Dermatol Ther. 2020. DOI: 10.1111/dth.13575. Online ahead of print.

[18] Zhang Y., Cao W., Xiao M., Li Y.J., Yang Y., Zhao J. et al. Clinical and coagulation characteristics of 7 patients with critical COVID-2019 pneumonia and acro-ischemia. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2020; 41(0): E006. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.0006. Online ahead of print.

[19] Landa N., Mendieta-Eckert M., Fonda-Pascual P., Aguirre T. Chilblain-like lesions on feet and hands during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Dermatol. 2020; 59(6): 739-43. DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14937.

[20] Ahouach B., Harant S., Ullmer A., Martres P., Begon E, Blum L. et al. Cutaneous lesions in a patient with COVID-19: are they related? Br J Dermatol. 2020. DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19168. Online ahead of print.

[21] Carreras-Presas C.M., Sanchez J.A., Lopez-Sanchez A.F., Jane-Salas E., Perez M.L. Oral vesiculobullous lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Oral Dis. 2020. DOI: 10.1111/odi.13382.

[22] Online ahead of print.

[23] Diaz-Guimaraens B., Dominguez-Santas M., Suarez-Valle A., Pindado-Ortega C., Selda-Enriquez G., Bea-Ardebol S., et al.

[24] Petechial skin rash associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. JAMA Dermatol. 2020.

[25] DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.1741. Online ahead of print.

[26] Fernandez-Nieto D., Ortega-Quijano D., Jimenez-Cauhe J., Burgos-Blasco P., de Perosanz-Lobo D., Suarez-Valle A., et al. Clinical and histological characterization of vesicular COVID-19 rashes: A prospective study in a tertiary care hospital. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2020. DOI: 10.1111/ced.14277. Online ahead of print.

[27] Jimenez-Cauhe J., Ortega-Quijano D., Carretero-Barrio I.,

[28] Suarez-Valle A., Saceda-Corralo D., C Moreno-Garcia C. Erythema multiforme-like eruption in patients with COVID-19 infection: clinical and histological findings. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2020. DOI: 10.1111/ced.14281. Online ahead of print.

[29] Sokumbi O., Wetter D. Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of erythema multiforme: a review for the practicing dermatologist Int J Dermatol. 2012; 51(8): 889-902. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05348.x

[30] Kalner S., Vergilis I.J. Periorbital erythema as a presenting sign of COVID-19. JAAD Case Rep. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.05.001. Online ahead of print.

[31] Sachdeva M., Gianotti R., Shah M., Lucia B., Tosi D., Veraldi S., et al. Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: report of three cases and a review of literature. J Dermatol Sci. 2020; S0923-1811(20)30149-3. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.04.011.

[32] Online ahead of print.

[33] Joob B., Wiwanitkit V. COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for dengue. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020; 82(5): e177. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.036.

[34] Paolino G., Canti V., Mercuri S.R., Querini P.R., Candiani M., Pasi F. Diffuse cutaneous manifestation in a new mother with COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2). Int J Dermatol. 2020. DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14919. Online ahead of print.

[35] Ehsani A.H., Nasimi M., Bigdelo Z. Pityriasis rosea as a cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 infection. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16579. Online ahead of print.

[36] de Masson A., Bouaziz J.D., Sulimovic L., Cassius C., Jachiet M., Ionescu M.A., et al.; SNDV (French Union of Dermatologists-Venereologists). Chilblains are a common cutaneous finding during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective nationwide study from France. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020; S0190-9622(20)30789-1. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.161. Online ahead of print.

[37] Cordoro K., Reynolds S., Wattier R., McCalmont T. Clustered Cases of Acral Perniosis: Clinical Features, Histopathology and Relationship to COVID-19 Pediatr Dermatol. 2020.

[38] DOI: 10.1111/pde.14227. Online ahead of print.

[39] Locatelli A.G., Test E.R., Vezzoli P., Carugno A, Moggio E, Consonni L, et al. Histologic features of long lasting chilblain-like lesions in a pediatric COVID-19 patient. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020. doi: 10.1111/jdv.16617. Online ahead of print.

[40] Ruggiero G., Arcangeli F., Lotti T. Therapy for probable COVID-19 associated erythema pernio-like lesions in pediatric age. Case report. Dermatol Ther. 2020;e13616. DOI: 10.1111/dth.13616. Online ahead of print.

[41] Duramaz B.B., Yozgat C.Y., Yozgat Y., Turel O. Appearance of skin rash in pediatric patients with COVID-19: Three case presentations. Dermatol Ther. 2020; e13594. DOI: 10.1111/dth.13594. Online ahead of print.

[42] Andina D., Noguera-Morel L., Bascuas-Arribas M., Gaitero-Tristan J., Alonso-Cadenas J.A., Escalada-Pellitero S., et al.

[43] Chilblains in children in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic.

[44] Pediatr Dermatol. 2020. DOI: 10.1111/pde.14215. Online ahead of print.

[45] Elston D. Occupational skin disease among health care workers during the coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic. J Am Acad

[46] Dermatol. 2020;82(5):1085-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.012.

[47] Gheisari M, Araghi F, Moravvej H, Tabary M, Dadkhahfar S. Skin reactions to non-glove personal protective equipment: an emerging issue in the COVID-19 pandemic. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16492. Online ahead of print.

[48] Singh M., Pawar M., Bothra A., Maheshwari A., Dubey V., Tiwari A., Kelati A. Personal protective equipment induced facial dermatoses in healthcare workers managing COVID-19 cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16628. Online ahead of print.

[49] Lan J., Song Z., Miao X., Li H., Li Y., Dong L., et al. Skin damage among health care workers managing coronavirus

[50] disease-2019. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020; S0190-9622(20)30392-3. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.014. Online ahead of print.

[51] Zhang B., Zhai R., Ma L. COVID-19 epidemic: Skin protection for health care workers must not be ignored. J Eur Acad

[52] Dermatol Venereol. 2020. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16573. Online ahead of print.

[53] Kwon K.T., Ko J.H., Shin H., Sung M., Kim J.Y. Drive-through screening center for COVID-19: a safe and efficient screening system against massive community outbreak. J Korean Med Sci. 2020; 35(11): e123. DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e123.

[54] Alenius H, Turjanmaa K, Palosuo T. Natural rubber latex allergy. Occup Environ Med. 2002;59(6):419-24.

[55] Bolognia J.L., Schaffer J.V., Cerroni L. Dermatology. 4th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2018.

[56] Hamming I., Timens W., Bulthuis M.L., Lely A.T., Navis G.J., van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004; 203(2): 631-7. DOI: 10.1002/path.1570

[57] Hamming I., Timens W., Bulthuis M.L., Lely A.T., Navis G.J., van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004; 203(2): 631-7.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector