Socially significant diseases make a great damage to society associated with high morbidity, incapacity, disability and mortality. A comprehensive approach to the treatment of patients with this group of diseases requires high expenditures on diagnosis, rehabilitation, prevention of premature mortality, and social support to patients, as well as crime prevention (with drug addiction and alcoholism). Priority solution of the social diseases problem is to prevent risk factors for their development by modern technology of prevention. This will purposefully and successfully use economic and medical resources for the prevention of socially significant diseases and promotion public health.
This article is analyzing the results of health examinations among Russian students (aged 17-18 years) in different federal regions of Russian Federation in 2011. It was found that there is a major difference in health status among students in different regions of Russia. These differences are more due to health behaviors, than to climatic and geographical conditions of the regions or to provided health care service. These results shows the need for improvement of medical examination of students, development and implementation of health promotion programs in universities, promotion of a healthy, active lifestyle among the youth.
While using the method of psycho-physiological self-regulation (empatotehniki) to reduce the intensity of chest pain in patients with coronary heart disease and psychogenic pain in patients with somatoform disorders, it was found that the feeling of pain in these patients is mainly reflected in the colors of the long-wavelength part of the spectrum (chromatic colors). With the decrease in the intensity of pain, transformation is in the direction of an achromatic color zone. Application of empatotehnic optimizes psychophysiological state of patients and improve their quality of life.
During the annual observation of 1100 mentally ill patients, who performed socially dangerous actions and were under intensive supervision, comprehensive psychosocial rehabilitation activities were conducted by mainly multiprofessional teams consisting of doctors, social workers and psychologists. Activities have become highly effective as non-specific prevention of tuberculosis in high-risk group of the mentally ill. As a result, over the past five years, the incidence of tuberculosis decreased from 1418.4 to 382.2, with a prevalence of up to 36062.4 11082.8 and mortality rates from 591.1 to 127.4.
The article presents the evaluation of rehabilitation indicators in disabled for the last five years (2007-2011) in Perm region, as well as the results of analysis of 1941 acts of examination of people not recognized as disabled by the Main Bureau of MedicoSocial Expertise in Perm region in 2011. It is established that there is positive dynamics of rehabilitation indicators for adults and their stabilization for children in Perm region. The detected medico-social features of people with revoked disability, differentiated in accordance with sex, age, reason and duration of disability, have practical value in relation to the definition of priority directions of improvement of medico-social rehabilitation system in the region.
The paper analyzes the disability due to congenital abnormalities of the central nervous system by sex, age, level of disability at different ages in Moscow during 2007-2011.
During the pilot project, the expert diagnosis and rehabilitation of citizens with diseases and defects of the vision was held by the current classification and criteria, classification and criteria developed with the ICF and quantification. In the application of quantitative evaluation of the visual analyzer condition main criterion was to determine the acuity and visual fields. The paper presents comparative data on the use of quantitative assessment in points in health facilities and bureau№8 (for the examination of persons with diseases and defects of the vision). The results analysis of the pilot survey has been performed with the preparation of the findings to refine the model to quantify the state of visual function scores.
The article gives a detailed comparative analysis of primary and repeated disability in young adults in all types of diseases.
The analysis of disability is conducted on the basis monitoring without pointing of term of re-examination in disability because of psychical disorders and disorders of conduct, malignant new formations and tuberculosis. An analysis overcomes a 1,5 period prior to introduction of Russian Government Resolution # 247 and 3 years of its action. As a result of analysis direct dependence of disability dynamics is set in part «term of disability» with the entered changes in a normative-legal base. During the first years of action of new Rules the increase of disability is marked without the term of re-examination, especially because of psychical disorders and disorders of conduct.Activity of dynamics is weaker in disability due to tuberculosis. Dynamics of such disability because of malignant new formations with growth between 2008-2009 and by more high growth in 2011. In spite of the following decrease of disability rates without pointing out re-examination term of the repeated disability because of psychical disorders and tuberculosis, their value in 2011 is higher, than in 2007. In primary disability relative stability of invalids rate is marked with a term «permanently» because of psychical disorders, growth of rate because of oncology and complete absence of invalids without pointing of term disability because of tuberculosis in the analysed period.
Congenital heart diseases (CHD) make a significant contribution to the rates of child disability and mortality, especially in children of the first year of life, require significant economic costs for surgical correction, for social assistance to disabled children.A comprehensive analysis showed that the operative correction of the CHD, even radical, is not always make it possible to completely eliminate the violation of blood circulation functions, eliminate or reduce the limitations of the main categories of children’s activity. The research data correlate with the classification of the CHD correction types, proposed by Friedli and based on the likelihood that a patient will need surgery in the future.This classification and the results of the research can be used in the practice of pediatricians and children’s cardiologists and specialists of the MSE in the direction of the medico-social expert examination for prediction of functional disorders of blood circulation in children after surgical correction of the CHD, for the planning of rehabilitation measures and for the choice of tactic of further scrutiny.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of the training program on the basis of information-psychological techniques in the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension (AH) in a day hospital has established a positive effect on the clinical course of the disease, reducing the level of situational anxiety, increasing noncompliance to treatment and quality of life, reducing the duration of a single case temporary disability, the number of emergency calls, uptake in outpatient clinics, the number of hospital admissions, which provided significant economic efficiency.
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 119991, Moscow, Russian FederationThis article describes the characteristics of sleep-wake cycle in older age groups, and also shows the necessity of the an objective estimation of sleep among the elderly patients suffering from sleep disturbances.
The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of the quality of life in elderly patients with stable angina against the background of different variants of antianginal therapy with beta-blockers or ivabradine. Life quality of elderly patients with stable angina is improved by achieving a good antianginal effect and target heart rate. Depending on the choice of antianginal drugs various components of life quality change.
The publication is based on sociological research of social work technologies with disabled child in conditions of medical and social examination. Problems and difficulties of disability establishment technologies and improvement of the social service procedures.
The basic concepts, achievements and challenges of modern psychiatric rehabilitation are systematized. The need to take account of social factors in the rehabilitation process is stressed. Shows a possible assessment of treatment and rehabilitation effectiveness is shown.