Medical and sociological research of persons elderly and senior age receiving medical and social assistance in stationary conditions and at home

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Assessment of the need for medical and social and long-term care for elderly and senile people serves as the basis for improving organizational approaches to improve the quality of medical and social services provided.

AIMS: Determination of the needs of elderly and senile people in the provision of medical and social assistance.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the study, a representative selective set of 400 elderly respondents is determined, of which 280 (70.0%) respondents lived at home (I group) and 120 (30.0%) — under the stationary conditions of the gerontological center (II group). The study was conducted by interviewing based on a specially designed questionnaire and «Loneliness» by Svetlana G. Korchagina. Statistical processing of the received data was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel 2013 and statistical package Statistica 12.

RESULTS: The average age of the respondents was 72.9±7.96 years (p >0.05). The presence of polymorbidity was noted by every third respondent (33.0%), of which 2–3 diseases had 26.0%, 4 or more — 7.0%, with a prevalence in the structure of the incidence of diseases of the cardiovascular system. 53.0% of people are in need for medical and social home care. 31.0% of people were satisfied with medical care, 41.0% of people consider social assistance available. A high prevalence of the state of loneliness in elderly and senile people was established: 94.0% in group I, 99.0% in group II, with a progressive increase in the rate as the age of the elderly increases.

CONCLUSIONS: With increasing age, the subjective self-assessment of health worsens, associated with an increase in polymorbidity (mainly age-associated diseases) and the presence of disability; the decrease in the possibility of self-care increases the need for the elderly for assistance and care. The high prevalence of self-assessment of «loneliness» among the elderly and senile causes an increased need for older people in psycho-corrective measures.

Keywords

medical and social assistance / elderly and senile people / loneliness / questioning / neediness

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