Epidemiological characteristics of microsporia in the Republic of Tatarstan

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Microsporia is a widespread type of dermatomycosis, especially among the children's population, representing a medical and social problem, because of the duration and high cost of treatment and the moral and material damage incurred to the patients and their family members. The absence of regulatory documents (except for clinical recommendations) regarding the epidemiology of this nosology, the organization and control of mandatory anti-epidemic measures, and the timing of their execution determine the relevance of infection.

AIM: To present the epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of microsporia in the population of the Republic of Tatarstan with clinical and epidemiological analyses of the outpatient records of patients in the Nizhnekamsk region.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the incidence of microsporia in the study population was conducted with reference to the official statistical forms for 2011–2021. The analysis of the outpatient charts and medical histories of the residents of Nizhnekamsk district who were diagnosed with microsporia and consulted a dermatovenerologist in 2020–2022 and were then hospitalized in a skin and venereological dispensary was selectively carried out from the Journal of Infectious Diseases (format no. 060/y). The data were processed in Microsoft Excel (USA) and Startech (Russia).

RESULTS: During 2011–2021, a statistically significant trend of a decrease in the incidence of microsporia in the Russian Federation was noted along with a corresponding increase in the Volga Federal District and the Republic of Tatarstan, with the residents of Tatarstan accounting for 66% of newly detected cases of microsporia in Russia and 59% in the Volga Federal District. High rates of microsporia incidence in the republic were registered among the city residents (81.3%). During the period of analyses in Tatarstan, among the reported cases, children aged 0–14 years (77%) with microsporia accounted for 77% of all cases, which included 53.7% girls. Among adults, persons aged 18–29 years accounted for 9% of all cases, of which 73.2% were women.

When analyzing the outpatient records of patients-residents in the Nizhnekamsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan (n=1010), the main subgroup with microsporia was identified as children aged 7–14 years (n=519 [51.4%]). Every year, 53.9% of schoolchildren and 28.6% of preschool children get dermatophytes. The source of microsporia infection was stray and domestic cats for 298 (29.5%) cases. The major proportion of patients with microsporia, that is, 83.9% (n=847), showed localization of the process on smooth skin. In children, microspore was represented by smooth skin lesions in 744 (80.9%) cases and by scalp in 175 (19.1%). In adults, 83 (91.2%) cases of smooth skin lesions and 8 (8.8%) cases of scalp cases were registered.

CONCLUSIONS: Microsporia remains relevant owing to its high prevalence, especially among children, which dictates the need for anti-epidemic, therapeutic, and preventive measures aimed at timely detection and isolation of patients infected with this mycosis, as well as trapping, isolation, treatment, and vaccination of homeless domestic animals, who are the main sources of the disease. The continued growth of morbidity rates in Tatarstan is an indicator of the instability of the epidemiological situation, indicating the need to improve the measure toward preventing their spread in cooperation with the veterinary service.

Keywords

children / dermatomycosis / microsporia

References

[1] Odinets AV, Ogryzko EV, Danishevsky KI, et al. Primary incidence of infectious and parasitic diseases in the structure of all diseases registered for the first time in life in the Russian Federation and the North Caucasus Federal District. Problems Social Hygiene Health Care History Medicine. 2019;(3):290–293. (In Russ). doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2019-27-3-290-293

[2] Одинец А.В., Огрызко Е.В., Данишевский К.И., и др. Первичная заболеваемость инфекционными и паразитарными болезнями в структуре всех болезней, зарегистрированных впервые в жизни, в Российской Федерации и Северо-Кавказском федеральном округе // Проблемы социальной гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медицины. 2019. № 3. С. 290–293. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2019-27-3-290-293

[3] Ivanova MA, Ogryzko EV, Bendrikovskaya IA, et al. Dynamics of the incidence of dermatomycosis in the Russian Federation in 2003–2007. Clin Dermatol Venereol. 2009;(7):26–31. (In Russ).

[4] Иванова М.А., Огрызко Е.В., Бендриковская И.А., и др. Динамика заболеваемости дерматомикозами в Российской Федерации в 2003–2007 гг. // Клиническая дерматология и венерология. 2009. № 7. С. 26–31.

[5] Russian Society of Dermatovenerologists and Cosmetologists. Federal clinical guidelines for the management of patients with microsporia. Moscow; 2013. 17 p. (In Russ).

[6] Российское общество дерматовенерологов и косметологов. Федеральные клинические рекомендации по ведению больных микроспорией. Москва, 2013. 17 с.

[7] Antonova SB. Modern clinical and epidemiological features of the incidence of dermatomycosis in children. Optimization of diagnostic, medical and preventive technologies [dissertation abstract]. Novosibirsk; 2019. 22 р. (In Russ).

[8] Антонова С.Б. Современные клинико-эпидемиологические особенности заболеваемости дерматомикозами у детей. Оптимизация диагностических, медико-профилактических технологий: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. Новосибирск, 2019. 22 с.

[9] Ivanova MA, Kasikhina EI, Melnichenko NE. Dermatomycosis in children: Epidemiological and clinical features. In: Collection of annotated reports of the I All-Russian Scientific and practical Conference “Infectious aspects of somatic pathology in children”. Moscow; 2008. Р. 30–32. (In Russ).

[10] Иванова М.А., Касихина Е.И., Мельниченко Н.Е. Дерматомикозы у детей: эпидемиологические и клинические особенности // I Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция «Инфекционные аспекты соматической патологии у детей»: сборник аннотированных докладов. Москва, 2008. С. 30–32.

[11] Ivanova MA. The incidence of dermatomycosis of the children’s population of the Russian Federation in 2011. In: Abstracts of the reports of the third Congress of mycologists of Russia “Modern mycology in Russia”. Moscow: National Academy of Mycology; 2012. P. 468. (In Russ).

[12] Иванова М.А. Заболеваемость дерматомикозами детского населения Российской Федерации в 2011 г. // Современная микология в России: тезисы докладов третьего съезда микологов России. Москва: Национальная академия микологии, 2012. С. 468.

[13] Savilov ED, Astafyev VA, Zhdanov SN, Zarudnev EA. Methods of statistical processing of the material. Epidemiological analysis. Novosibirsk: Nauka-Tsentr; 2011. 156 p. (In Russ).

[14] Савилов Е.Д., Астафьев В.А., Жданов С.Н., Заруднев Е.А. Методы статистической обработки материала. Эпидемиологический анализ. Новосибирск: Наука-Центр, 2011. 156 с.

[15] Sachek OI, Oskova LP, Shevchenko AG, et al. Incidence of microsporia and trichophytia in the Russian Federation in 2013–2018. Manager Healthcare. 2020;(5):60–67. (In Russ).

[16] Сачек О.И., Оськова Л.П., Шевченко А.Г., и др. Заболеваемость микроспорией и трихофитией в Российской Федерации в 2013–2018 гг. // Менеджер здравоохранения. 2020. № 5. С. 60–67.

[17] Erzina EI, Pozdnyakova ON. Modern features of epidemiology of microsporia and trichophytia in children and adolescents. Med Education Siberia. 2012;(1):29. (In Russ).

[18] Ерзина Е.И., Позднякова О.Н. Современные особенности эпидемиологии микроспории и трихофитии у детей и подростков // Медицина и образование в Сибири. 2012. № 1. С. 29.

[19] Ogryzko EV, Ivanova MA, Shevchenko AG, Shelepova EA. Organization of preventive measures to detect microsporia among the population of the Krasnodar Territory for 2011–2019. Manager Healthcare. 2021;(2): 63–73. (In Russ). doi: 10.21045/1811-0185-2021-2-63-74

[20] Огрызко Е.В., Иванова М.А., Шевченко А.Г., Шелепова Е.А. Организация профилактических мероприятий по выявлению микроспории среди населения Краснодарского края за 2011–2019 гг. // Менеджер здравоохранения. 2021. № 2. С. 63–73. doi: 10.21045/1811-0185-2021-2-63-74

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-vector