Diagnostically significant culturable obligate microorganisms in the development of periimplantitis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The urgency of the problem is conditioned by insufficient study of peri-implantitis microbiota, its changes in the dynamics of the process and in the concurrent course with periodontitis.

AIM: To justify the diagnostically significant cultivated obligate microorganisms involved in the development of inflammatory processes in the area of the placed implants.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the period 2018–2022. The study involved 127 patients of a private dental clinic in Kirov, Russia. Kirov LLC “Dental Clinic” aged 35 to 69 years (53.8±1.9 years). Men made up 48% and women 52%. Biological material from the peri-implant area was examined. Inoculation on dense culture media of biological material with subsequent calculation of microorganism concentration was carried out according to the Gold method of quantitative four-section inoculation. The species identification of the isolated cultures was carried out by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry using a Vitek-MS bacteriological analyzer (BioMerieux, France).

RESULTS: Microorganisms obligate anaerobes playing an important role in the development of peri-implantitis were identified in the investigation. Microorganisms that reduce the development of inflammatory changes in periimplantitis, having an inverse correlation between the concentration of microorganisms and the degree of clinical, hygienic and radiological changes in persons with implants, were named periodontal protectors. Microorganisms contributing to the development of pathological processes in the periimplant zone, having a direct correlation relationship between the concentration of microorganisms and the degree of severity of clinical, hygienic and radiological changes — periodontopathogens. This was more pronounced in patients with associated periodontitis. The regularity in the increase of frequency and concentration of several pathogens during the progression of peri-implantitis with predominance of micro-organisms in the periimplant area in those with periodontitis was found.

CONCLUSION: The microbiota of the peri-implant zones has been analyzed by means of the modern bacteriological method — mass-spectrometry. On the basis of the study we substantiate the diagnostically significant microorganisms, respectively increasing (periodontopathogens) and reducing (periodontoprotectors) the development of inflammatory changes at periimplantitis.

Keywords

periimplantitis / obligate microorganisms / periodontoprotectors / parodontopathogens / significant microorganisms

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Funding

ФГБОУ ВО Кировский ГМУ Минздрава России «Университетский научный грант»FSBEI HE Kirov SMU MOH Russia "University Scientific Grant"(1-1.1/2021)

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