In the article on the example of a transsexualism (a gender dysphoria) the scientific bases of inclusion or an exception of new diagnoses in the international classifications of mental and behavioural disorders are analyzed. The arguments used in a discussion of supporters and opponents of a medicalisation of behavioural deviations are studied. The conclusion that in the conditions of the existing stigmatization of all who appear in sight of psychiatrists and by which the diagnosis on ICD or DSM before clearing of an etiopatogenesis of behavioural disorders is established more logically and more humanely to remove for psychiatry brackets is drawn. It is summarized that classification shouldn’t be based on hypotheses and should interpret pathology broadly.

Research in the field of neuroscience shows that the suicidal behavior of adolescents has not only a social but also a neuropsychological basis. The authors revealed neurocognitive correlates of the vulnerability of adolescent girls who committed a suicidal attempt. These data can form the basis for the development of an effective psycho-corrective program to reduce suicidal risk in adolescent girls.

With the aim of systematizing directions for the prevention of suicidal acts in the psychiatric care departmental system of the internal affairs bodies, the analysis of existing approaches and normative acts governing the system of psychological prevention of suicidal acts had been done. It is shown that for better suicide prevention it is necessary to improve the system of professional selection of candidates for service in the police department with the development of effective measures to identify individuals prone to suicidal behavior, and improve annual check-up personnel for timely identification of groups at risk of suicide and treatment and rehabilitation measures in mental health centers, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. It is necessary to develop and improve the regulatory, legal, scientific, methodological and information base for the organization of mental health care, taking into account the best domestic and foreign experience to ensure the system of mental health care in departmental institutions.

The review on this topic deals with the problem of anthropological approaches to the research of the characteristics of the progress and pathomorphism of mental disorders. Identification of persons with a high risk of disease developing and adverse prognosis at the prenosological level are the most important in medical anthropology and preventive medicine. This is an important aspect of compliance and successful treatment.

The purpose of this study was to make anticipation comparative analysis of anticipatory consistency and the severity of neurotic disorders in people with chemical dependence. During the study of the severity of neurotic disorders, a significantly high level (for p≤0.005) for the following neurotic disorders was found in persons with chemical dependence: sleep disorders, hysterical disorder, anxiety disorder, social maladaptation and depressive neurotic disorder. The severity of anxiety and depression is significantly high (at p≤0,002) in chemical addicts at the subclinical level. When compared with a group of people who were conditionally healthy, those with a chemical dependence had an anticompetitive insolvency with high reliability (at p≤0.02) on the following scales: the general indicator of the anticyclative consistency and the personality-situational component of anticipatory solvency. Correlation analysisshowed significant interrelationships (at p≤0,05) between anxiety and hypochondrical disorder, depression and hypochondriacal disorder and between anxiety and somatic neurotic disorder in persons with chemical dependence.

The use of neurosonography (NSG) for the screening of neurodevelopment abnormalities in young children is investigated. The NSG changes, which are high risk factors of developmental delay, are detected. It is shown that the structure of the brain in young children doesn’t predict the developmental delay, but in combination with clinical examination may serve as its risk criteria in children. The algorithm for the screening of neurodevelopment abnormalities in children of early age is proposed. It allows identifying children with high risk for developmental delay for corresponding preventive and habilitation activities.

The study of anticipation, social intelligence, logical operations of thinking and psychosocial functioning in patients with mild mental retardation was conducted. There were 100 people (50 men and 50 women) in the study group. They were treated at the Academic V.M. Bekhterev Republican Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, and they were in the state of forming compensation of behavioral disorders. With the help of clinical-psychopathological and experimental-psychological methods disorders of all investigated parameters were revealed. Then the correlation analysis was carried out, which showed the dependence of the level of socio-psychological functioning on the logical thinking operations, anticipation and social intelligence disorders. The data obtained can be used to develop effective rehabilitation programs for patients with mental retardation and improve their quality of life.

Here we present modern data on astrocyte participation in the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and its specialization in the perineurona nets (PNN) and significance of ECM/PNN in synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Special attention was given to schizophrenia and ECM alterations as a critical mechanism in synaptic pathology in the schizophrenia.

Atypical forms of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy are considered. The features of the clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of atypical forms of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy were studied. A new classification of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is proposed.

The existing concepts of psychopathology of self-consciousness, their development and continuity are considered. The achievements and problematic issues at the modern stage of the self-consciousness research in Russian and foreign psychiatry are described. The necessity to focus on the interdisciplinary approach and to overcome the existing methodological and applied clinical problems within further self-consciousness concept studies is discussed.

The main non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are considered. The main hypotheses and theory: dysfunction of cortical-subcortical structures, the hypothesis of double strike and the theory of prion disease are described. By the time motor symptoms are realized in patients with PD, the degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons reaches 70-80%. Identification of Parkinson’s disease at the pre-motor stage facilitates diagnosis and further treatment tactics. For a better understanding, the main theories of the onset of the disease are described and the latest studies are analyzed.

Review of literature on postural deformities in Parkinson’s disease was presented: types of postural disorders, frequency of occurrence, pathogenesis, possibilities of therapy. Description of our own clinical experience of using botulinum toxin in the treatment of camptocormia and Pisa syndrome was shown.

Information technology is the processes, methods of searching, collecting, storing, processing, providing, disseminating information and the ways in which such processes and methods are implemented. In recent decades, they have played an increasingly important role in the progress of mankind, including medicine. Our review describes research on the prospects of using information technology in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental disorders. The experience of the research can serve as a basis for the development of such areas and research in the Russian scientific space.

The article discusses mental, behavioral and personal disorders in the ICD-10 structure of domestic psychiatry from the standpoint of the methodology of science, ethology, in particular nonverbal behavior. On the example of depression and drunkenness of drivers the possibilities of studying non - verbal behavior for diagnosis, in particular “facial expressions - posture-gestures” are shown. Possibilities of understanding the relationship of behavior- personality and personality and behavior are considered, in particular in addiction.

The article deals with the concepts of objective general and subjective individual time. The paper presents a clinical description of quantitative and qualitative disorders of time experience - chronological illusions in various mental and behavioral disorders.

Clinical and dynamic indices were studied and a clinical-psychopathological analysis of socially dangerous actions (OOD) performed by epileptic patients was carried out. The most characteristic psychopathological mechanisms of OOD are revealed. Patients who are deemed insane, are characterized by a significant representation of negative personal mechanisms of wrongful conduct. In persons recognized as severely sane, the personality disorders inherent in them are more important.

The article presents the clinical and psychopathological characteristics of personality disorders in patients with epilepsy. Various features with a domination explosive and defensive version of personality changes in patients with epilepsy were described. The relation between the characteristics of the event-related potentials P300 and psychopathological personality characteristics of patients with epilepsy. It was also shown the structure and the degree of predisposition to various forms of aggressive behavior.

There were evaluated characteristics of periventricular haemorrhages (PVH) and risk factors in newborns of mothers receiving antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy during pregnancy with hypercoagulation syndrome. Maternal antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy during pregnancy was associated with more severe condition of newborns and a significantly slower progress of postural muscle tone, neuropsychological and psychomotordevelopment compared to newborns with no antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy during pregnancy.

In this study there was described the interaction between migraine and cervicogenic headache in combination. We revealed the positive dynamics of the migraine characteristics during treatment of cervicogenic headache when they are combined in one patient. There are also discussed pro-nociceptive mechanisms of dimethylsulfoxide.

The article contains international data showing the violation of the humoral link of immunity in the pathogenesis of CIDP. There are results of our own investigation which purpose was to study the features of the clinical picture, electrophysiological indices, levels of the B-cell activation factor (BAFF) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with CIDP. To improve the diagnosis of CIDP, the possibility of using the method of studying the blinking reflex, as well as determining the levels of BAFF in biological fluids, has been demonstrated.

This scientific review presents the analysis of literature; the major regularities of violation of anticipative activities in various neurotic disorders are considered. This paper gives the current concepts on regularities of violation of anticipative activities in various neurotic disorders. With the help of researches it has been revealed that there are significant deviations in probable prognosis during neurotic disorders. There is a decrease in anticipative abilities in all parameters (time, spatial, personal and situational parameters). The analysis of problem on distortion of time perception by a patient allows to suggest that a time characteristic of anticipative inability can be an ethiopathogenetically significant parameter for formation of mental pathologies. The researches concerning probable prognosis functioning and anticipations during neuroses have showed the perspective in studying of these psychological phenomena and implementation of therapeutic interventions on the basis of the received data.