According to study results of case histories of 964 patients, staying in neurologie hospitals of the sity of Kazan, state of diagnostics of brain surgical vascular pathology has been evaluated. Despite their wide prevalence the common international algorythms of diagnostics have been established only in 8 patients (0,83 %). As а result, only 3 patients were transferred to neurological clinic for further surgical treatment. Unsatisfactory state of diagnostics of brain surgical vascular pathology, caused mainly bу insufficient instrumental base in clinics, makes it necessary to establish surgery organization system for people with brain vascular pathology in the city of Kazan.

Computed or magnetic resonance tomography was performed in 94 patients with transient ischemic attacks. А focal lesion corresponding to the clinical symptoms was observed in 29. Topography of the lesions as well as risk factors, pathogenetic and clinical features in these patients were analyzed and compared with а group of TIA without focal ischemic lesions. Minor differences in risk factors and pathogenesis were found. Neurological symptoms in patients with TIA and ischemic lesions tended to bе more prolonged, repeated and stereotyped

It was established, that early forms of vertebro-basilar deficiency syndrome are characterized by minimal symptoms, absence of significant changes of bioelectric brain activity and represented by phenomena of venous disfunction at moderate changes of arterial hemodynamics. Progressing of stenosing lesion is accompanied by increasing of clinical symptoms and emerging of changes. А large diagnostics significance of otoneurologic examination for diagnosing vertebro-basilar deficiency syndrome has been underlied.

Peculiarities of night dreams of 78 children and adolescents (aged 10-17) with different variants of neurotic conditions and of 25 healthy ones of the same age were studied. Dreams at neurotic disorders differ as compared with ones of the healthy persons by affective and cognitive activation, timely and space "easiness", some imperative tendencies ("channelling" of colour perception, repeated dreams). Study of dreams adds significantly to а clinical characteristic of neurotic conditions, opens supplementary perspectives for investigation regularity of their pathogenesis.

Superslow physiologic processes and duration of arbitrary threshold apnoe (АТА) were investigated in 43 patients of young age with asteno-vegetative syndrome of postinfection and posttraumatic etiology. The results of physiologic studies were compared to the data оf clinical and psychological examination, additional verification methods of CNS organic lesions, with indices of vegetative tonus and hemodynamics. Diagnostic indices of asthenic acuteness were sharp and moderate duration decrease of АТА at Schtange test and of background meanings of steady potential of millivolt range. Data of dynamics of superslow physiologic processes helped to reveal diagnostic parameters of presence and expressiveness of psychoemotional lability, psychopathological disorders at neurotic level, with concious and unconcious psychic processes being fluctuated.

А spectral analysis of cardiac rhythm variability has taken place among patients with migraine. The purpose of that analysis was to determine the role of cerebral and peripheric regulation changes in the paroxysm pathogenesis at different phases of migrain attack: before it, during it and after it. It was established, that in pre-attack period activation of ergotropic mechanisms takes place with further generalized sympathico-parasympathic activation at the moment of migraine attack. Post-attack period is characterized by activity normalization ·or segmentary sympathic vasomotor and vagal mechanisms, high level of ergotropic systems activity being maintained.

In 149 children of а school age with chronic paradontium and in 30 healthy children of the same age state of VNS has been studied. There was established а dependence of severity of clinical manifestations and paradontium course form on functional state of VNS and adaptation mechanisms. It was supposed to perform а choice of medical maintenance in accordance with specific features of vegetative homeostasis of а sick child.

129 alcoholic wоmen were observed from families witl1 alcoholic addiction. Study of social and psychologic factors, ensuring formation of paired, coupled alcoholism showed the importance of choosing а marital partner. Some main reasons of choosing by а women а partner with alcoholic habits were given: 1) more frequent alcohol consumption, less resistance to alcohol; 2) their belonginess to alcoholic environment; 3) as а result of formed stereotype of marital behavior; 4) in accordance with similar character features. These peculiarities are to be taken into consideration in accomplishing medical and psychologic activities for early diagnostics of alcoholic couples.

Types of motor disorders (including hyperkinesis) were studied in 42 patients with cerebral diseases. Therapeutic dynamics can be observed when stimulating peripheric foci and performing manual treatment. А major role of myofascial indurations in formation of centrale motor disorders has been revealed.

With the purpose of making diagnostics of the middle scalene syndrome more differentiated, neuromyographic evalution of neuromuscular complex (nervus thoracicus longus ... musculus serratus anterior) has been performed. In 33 patients with the middle scalene syndrome and in 11 healthy people а method of stimulation electroneuromyography has been developed. Examples from clinical cases are given. When examining 8 formalinized specimens peculiarities of topography of nervus thoracicus longus have been revealed.

In 47 patients а traditional analgetic therapy has been added to injection of ozon-oxygen mixture into paravertebral, biologically active, "trigger" points, and also with small autohemotherapy of ozonized blood. In the main group more reliable rates of pain regress were registered, as well as less percentage of patients resistant to the therapy as compared with ones in the control group. Levelling of muscular-tonic and neurodystrophic phenomena was more expressed at reflex vertebral and extravertebral syndromes, and it was accompanied by positive shifts concerning bioelectrical muscle activity, reflex activity normalization of α-motorneurons, decrease of temperature asymmetry of legs.

Since the 90s, mutations in genes encoding ion channel proteins have been described. These mutations are responsible for the development of a number of neurological diseases called canalopathies (CP) [30, 36]. It is of interest to study the clinical features of hereditary neurological diseases, the pathogenesis of which are genetic defects in ion channels, from a single angle of view, as well as an attempt to analyze the probable physiological processes underlying these diseases. This approach may be important for a new systematization of these diseases, usually belonging to different groups, and for the development of a modern strategy for their therapy.

Arterial aneurysms (AA) are protrusions of a pathologically altered artery wall in a limited area. Intracranial aneurysms are divided into three morphological types: 1) saccular - protrusion of the vessel wall looks like a small bag with a more or less formed neck; 2) fusiform - protrusion occurs throughout a certain segment of the vessel without the formation of a neck; 3) exfoliating - a false lumen is formed in the wall of the artery along some of its length, along which blood rushes.

Lesions of the peripheral nervous system are, probably, one of the first places in terms of prevalence among human diseases, accompanied by temporary and permanent disability [2, 18]. In the structure of diseases of the peripheral nervous system, various forms of secondary muscular disorders are obligatory and often leading, which, causing locomotor disorders, lead to significant disability of patients. Deprived of full neurotrophic control, muscle undergoes atrophic and degenerative changes that significantly reduce the chances of restoration of its functional properties even with good reinnervation, carried out naturally or through neurosurgical reconstruction [7, 16, 25, 30]. In this regard, the development and in-depth study of such methods of therapy that would slow down denervation changes in the muscle are of great importance. Undoubtedly, one of the most effective methods in this regard is therapeutic electrical stimulation of the neuromuscular apparatus [4, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21].

Tick-borne systemic borreliosis, or Lyme borreliosis (LB), is an infectious natural focal disease that is not yet well known in the country. It has a transmissible route of transmission caused by pathogenic borrelia (Borrelia burgdorferi). As a multisystem disease, LB includes lesions of the skin, heart, joints and nervous system in the clinical spectrum. Its most characteristic symptom is erythema annular migrans (60-80%).

1999 marked the 160th anniversary of the birth of the famous Russian neuropathologist Dmitry Petrovich Skolozubov, the first professor, head of the department and director of the clinic of nervous diseases of the medical faculty of the Kazan Imperial University.

The article is of an overview nature, the pathological changes in the brain in schizophrenia are considered.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic progressive disease of the nervous system, proceeding with exacerbations and remissions, or steadily progressively, with multiple lesions in the central and peripheral nervous system.

Vascular dementia is the second most common disease, second only to dementia in Alzheimer's disease.

There is a need to prescribe thrombolytic therapy for atherothrombotic and thromboembolic diseases, according to modern data, this increases the risk of complications in the form of intracranial hemorrhages.

Currently, many studies are devoted to the cellular and molecular processes occurring during the death of neurons due to hypoxia - ischemia of the brain tissue.

Drug (abusal) headache is a manifestation of adverse reactions to many drugs used to treat primary headaches.

A retrospective study of 90 patients with episodic dizziness occurring during a migraine attack was carried out.

It is customary to read that migraine with aura (associated) and without it (simple) is a multifactorial disease, in the development of which a combination of genetic factors in combination with the influence of the external environment plays a role.