Study of the functioning of mirror neurons in normal conditions, in neurological and psychiatric diseases: a systematic review of the literature

Abstract

The mirror neuron system is a fundamental brain system of the brain that provides the ability to understand the actions of others and plays a key role in motor learning and empathy. In this review, we have thoroughly examined the internal and external factors that influence the functioning of the mirror neuron system. Issues such as difficulties in interpreting the mu rhythm and its relationship to theory of mind, which are particularly salient when analysing the mirror neuron system in the context of mental illness, have been identified. The role of the mirror neuron system in the formation of various mental disorders and neurological diseases has been considered. Additionally, a promising direction for future research is highlighted — the study of the mirror neuron system in the context of Parkinson's disease, focusing on the peculiarities of the functioning of the dopaminergic system of the mirror neuron system under normal conditions and in the presence of pathology. Prospective directions for further research are suggested, including the analysis of the mu-rhythm, the role of mentalization, studying the mirror neuron system in mental and neurological diseases.

Keywords

mirror neurons / neuropsychiatric states / motor learning / empathy / mu-rhythm / theory of mind / mental disorders / neurological diseases / Parkinson's disease / transcranial magnetic stimulation

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