BINGE EATING DISORDER AS A CLINICAL FORM OF FOOD ADDICTION: GENETIC ASPECTS

Abstract

One of the most common and the most “biologizing type of non-chemical addiction is a food addiction - meal intake dependence, complete clinical analog of chemical dependence. Binge eating disorder (ВЕD) is considered as the clinical form of food addiction as a complex psychopathological construct, including eating disorders, depression and addictive component. There are many unsolved questions regarding the diagnosis, the etiology and pathogenesis of mechanisms ВЕD, including genetic impact, and relationships with depression and addictions. There are significant behavioral, neurobiological, and genetic cross-talks in mechanisms and clinical manifestations of chemical addiction and food addiction with the main role of dopamine (DA) and endogenous opioid systems. ВЕD accumulates in families, the level of heritability is about 60%, and the direct contribution of genetic factors - up to 50%. Genetic studies using evidence-based design, detailed and quantitative analysis of family burdeness and pathogenetically substantiated gene panel, primarily DA and endogenous opioid systems as well as systems of serotonin and BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) are essential for the assessment of the genetic risk of ВЕD in primary prevention and for detection of specific clinical forms of development and clinical course with significant influence of genetic factors

Keywords

BDNF / food addiction / binge eating disorder / depression / genetics / heredity / gene polymorphism / dopamine / endogenous opioid system / serotonin / BDNF

References

[1] Зальмунин К.Ю., Менделевич В.Д. Химические и нехимические аддикции в аспекте сравнительной аддиктологии // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. C.C. Корсакова. 2014. Т. 114. № 5-2. С. 3-8.

[2] Кибитов А.О., Анохина И.П. Генетические основы этиологии и патогенеза болезней зависимости от психоактивных веществ // Наркология. 2016. № 6. С. 84-104.

[3] Кибитов А.О., Мазо Г.Э. Приступообразное переедание: молекулярная генетика и фармакогенетические подходы // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. C.C. Корсакова. 2016. № 8. С. 102-108. DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201611681102-108

[4] Akkermann K., Kaasik K., Kiive E. et al. The impact of adverse life events and the serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism on the development of eating disorder symptoms // J. Psychiatr. Res. 2012. Vol. 46, N.1. P. 38-43. doi: 10.1016 /j. jpsychires. 2011.09.013.

[5] Akkermann K., Nordquist N., Oreland L., Harro J. Serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism affects the severity of binge eating in general population // Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 2010. Vol.34, N.1. P.111-114. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.10.008.

[6] Albayrak Ö., Kliewer J., Föcker M., Antel J., Hebebrand J. Food addiction - substance use disorder or behavioral addiction? // Z. Kinder Jugendpsychiatr. Psychother. 2015. Vol.43, N.3. P.173-181. doi: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000355.

[7] Alonso-Alonso M., Woods S.C., Pelchat M. et al. Food reward system: current perspectives and future research needs // Nutr. Rev. 2015. Vol.73, N.5. P. 296-307. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv002.

[8] Avena N. Binge Eating: Neurochemical Insights from Animal Models // Eating Disorders. 2008. Vol.17, N.1. P. 89-92. doi:10.1080/10640260802371604

[9] Bienvenu O.J., Davydow D.S., Kendler K.S. Psychiatric ‘diseases’ versus behavioral disorders and degree of genetic influence // Psychol. Med. 2011. Vol.41, N.1. Р. 33-40. doi:10.1017/s003329171000084x.

[10] Calati R., De Ronchi D., Bellini M., Serretti A. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and eating disorders: a meta-analysis // Int. J. Eat. Disord. 2011. Vol.44, N.3. P. 191-199. doi: 10.1002/eat.20811.

[11] Davis C. The epidemiology and genetics of binge eating disorder (BED) // CNS Spectrums. 2015. P. 1-8. doi:10.1017/s1092852915000462.

[12] Davis C., Levitan R.D., Kaplan A.S. et al. Reward sensitivity and the D2 dopamine receptor gene: A case-control study of binge eating disorder // Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 2008. Vol.32, N.3. P. 620-628. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.09.024.

[13] Davis C., Loxton N.J., Levitan R.D. et al. ‘Food addiction’ and its association with a dopaminergic multilocus genetic profile // Physiol. Behav. 2013. Vol.118. P. 63-69. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.05.014.

[14] Davis C.A., Levitan R.D., Reid C. et al. Dopamine for “wanting” and opioids for “liking”: a comparison of obese adults with and without binge eating // Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009. Vol.17, N.6. P.1220-1225. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.52.

[15] Davis C., Loxton N. A psycho-genetic study of hedonic responsiveness in relation to “food addiction” // Nutrients. 2014. Vol.6, N.10. P. 4338-4353. doi: 10.3390/nu6104338.

[16] Gold M.S., Badgaiyan R.D., Blum K. A Shared Molecular and Genetic Basis for Food and Drug Addiction: Overcoming Hypodopaminergic Trait/State by Incorporating Dopamine Agonistic Therapy in Psychiatry // Psychiatr. Clin. North. Am. 2015.Vol.38, N.3. P.419-462. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2015.05.011.

[17] Gorwood P. Eating disorders, serotonin transporter polymorphisms and potential treatment response // Am. J. Pharmacogenomics. 2004. Vol.4, N.1. P. 9-17. doi:10.2165/00129785-200404010-00002.

[18] Groleau P., Steiger H., Joober R. et al. Dopamine-system genes, childhood abuse, and clinical manifestations in women with Bulimia-Spectrum Disorders // J. Psychiatr. Res. 2012. Vol.46, N.9. P.1139-1145. doi: 10.1016/ j.jpsychires.2012.05.018.

[19] Helder S.G., Collier D.A. The genetics of eating disorders // Curr.Top. Behav. Neurosci. 2011. N.6. P. 157-175. doi: 10.1007/7854_2010_79.

[20] Javaras K.N., Laird N.M., Reichborn-Kjennerud T. et al. Familiality and heritability of binge eating disorder: results of a case-control family study and a twin study // Int. J. Eat. Disord. 2008. Vol.41, N.2. P. 174-179. doi:10.1002/eat.20484.

[21] Joyner M.A., Gearhardt A.N., White M.A. Food craving as a mediator between addictive-like eating and problematic eating out- comes // Eat. Behav. 2015. Vol.19. P. 98-101. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.07.005.

[22] Koren R., Duncan A.E., Munn-Chernoff M.A. et al. Preliminary evidence for the role of HTR2A variants in binge eating in young women // Psychiatr. Genet. 2014. Vol. 24, N.1. P. 28-33. doi: 10.1097/YPG.0000000000000014.

[23] Koren R., Munn-Chernoff M.A., Duncan A.E. et al. Is the relationship between binge eating episodes and personality attributable to genetic factors? // Twin Res. Hum. Genet. 2014. Vol.17, N.2. P. 65-71. doi: 10.1017/thg.2013.92.

[24] Locatelli L., Correia J.C., Golay A. Food addiction // Rev. Med. Suisse. 2015. Vol.11, N. 467. P. 695-696, 698-700.

[25] Mitchell K.S., Neale M.C., Bulik C.M. et al. Binge eating disorder: a symptom-level investigation of genetic and environmental influences on liability // Psychol. Med. 2010. Vol.40, N.11. P. 1899-1906. doi: 10.1017/S0033291710000139.

[26] Monteleone P., Tortorella A., Martiadis V. et al. Association between A218C polymorphism of the tryptophan-hydroxylase-1 gene, harm avoidance and binge eating behavior in bulimia nervosa // Neurosci. Lett. 2007. Vol.421, N.1. P. 42-46. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2007.05.018.

[27] Munn-Chernoff M.A., Grant J.D., Agrawal A. et al. Are there common familial influences for major depressive disorder and an overeating-binge eating dimension in both European American and African American Female twins? // Int. J. Eat. Disord. 2015. Vol.48, N.4. P. 375-382. doi: 10.1002/eat.22280.

[28] Nishiguchi N., Matsushita S., Suzuki K. et al. Association between 5HT2A receptor gene promoter region polymorphism and eating disorders in Japanese patients // Biol. Psychiatry. 2001. Vol.50, N.2. P. 123-128. doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)01107-0.

[29] Reichborn-Kjennerud T., Bulik C.M., Tambs K., Harris J.R. Genetic and environmental influences on binge eating in the absence of compensatory behaviors: a population-based twin study // Int. J. Eat. Disord. 2004. Vol.36, N.3. P. 307-314. doi:10.1002/eat.20047.

[30] Rikani A.A., Choudhry Z., Choudhry A.M. et al. A critique of the literature on etiology of eating disorders // Ann. Neurosci. 2013. Vol.20, N.4. P. 157-161. doi: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.200409.

[31] Schulte E.M., Joyner M.A., Potenza M.N. et al. Current considerations regarding food addiction // Curr. Psychiatry. Rep. 2015. Vol.17, N.4. P. 563. doi: 10.1007/s11920-015-0563-3.

[32] Shinohara M., Mizushima H., Hirano M. et al. Eating disorders with binge-eating behaviour are associated with the S allele of the 3’-UTR VNTR polymorphism of the dopamine transporter gene // J. Psychiatry. Neurosci. 2004. Vol.29, N.2. P. 134-137.

[33] Vaessen T., Hernaus D., Myin-Germeys I., van Amelsvoort T. The dopaminergic response to acute stress in health and psychopathology: A systematic review // Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2015. Vol.56. P. 241-251. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.07.008.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Kibitov A.O., Mazo G.E.