TISSUE, CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF HEMOSTASIS AND REEPITHELIZATION IN THE HEALING WOUNDS OF THE ORAL MUCOSA

Abstract

This literature review contains the systematized analysis of the current knowledge regarding tissue, cellular and molecular mechanisms of wound healing of the oral mucosa (OM). The main attention is focused on the key phenomena of wound healing - hemostasis and restoration of the integrity of the epithelial barrier (reepithelization). Although hemostasis is primarily aimed at stopping bleeding from damaged vessels, the forming blood clot (in particular, the platelets that constitute it) plays an important role in the regeneration of the OM tissues, ensuring the recruitment of various cells into the wound, creating an environment for their migration and activating their functions due to growth factors and cytokines sequestered in the matrix. OM reepithelization begins with the migration of epithelial cells from the wound edges into the tissue defect area within a few hours after tissue damage, and continues throughout all phases of wound healing. The review considers different models of epithelial migration and its cellular mechanisms, histological and ultrastructural transformations of the epithelium at different time intervals before and after the restoration of the integrity of its layer. The continuous interactions of the epithelial cells between themselves, with other cells and the matrix with the participation of adhesive compounds and signaling molecules underlying reepithelization are described. The influence of microorganisms on wound epithelialization and the state of non-epithelial dendritic cells in the regenerating epithelium of OM are considered. The most important problems of OM wound healing requiring detailed morphological analysis are noted.

Keywords

oral mucosa / wound / regeneration / hemostasis / reepithelization

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Bykov V.L., Leontiyeva I.V., Kulayeva V.V., Iseyeva Y.A.