MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERN AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX OF RATS WITH DIFFERENT TYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY

Abstract

Objective - to study the histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the cerebral cortex in animals with different stress tolerance and level of cognitive abilities. Material and methods. The morphology of the cortex of the brain precentral gyrus was studied in 24 rats with different levels of stress tolerance, verified in open field test, and cognitive abilities, verified in the Morris water maze. The sections were stained according to Nissl method and with antibodies against GFAP. Results. In animals with low stress tolerance, a significant increase in the number of neurons with two nucleoli was found; large nuclei and the area of cytoplasm, as well as a larger number of neurons demonstrating irreversible changes were also detected. The average distance between the perikaryon of neurons and the satellite cells in this subgroup was also larger, and the number of perivascular gliocytes was smaller. In animals with a low level of cognitive abilities, the features revealed by Nissl staining were similar to those of animals with high stress tolerance but less pronounced. Animals with high stress tolerance were characterized by a significantly smaller distribution area of the processes and a smaller number of GFAP-positive cells per 1 mm2 of the section. Animals with high cognitive abilities typically had a significantly greater number of GFAP-positive cell bodies per 1 mm2 of section and a significantly smaller area occupied by processes. Conclusions. The level of the animal stress tolerance correlates with the nature of neuro-glial relationship; high level of stress tolerance and high cognitive abilities are associated with a smaller number of neurons with two nucleoli, a great number of dead satellite cells, low values of the average distribution of astrocyte processes. Other parameters associated with high stress tolerance and high cognitive abilities are of mutually exclusive or insignificant character.

Keywords

brain / stress tolerance / cognitive abilities / cerebral hypoperfusion / rats

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Krishtop V.V., Pozhilov D.A.